cell pathology case studies Flashcards
whata are effects of helicobacter infection on stomach?
Inflammation: acute and chronic
Cell damage: atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia
Neoplasia: carcinoma and lymphoma
what are the nost common causes of gastritis?
- chemical agents
- infectious agents (helicobacter)
- immune reactions
what is common histology of this acute inflammation?
- lots of neutrophils
how does helicobacter result in lymphoma?
- recruits lymphocytes
- induces the formation of lymphoid follicles
- which results in increased risk in lymphoma
what is Granulomatous gastritis?
subset of chronic inflammation
- involves specific immune reaction T-Cells
what are causes of Granulomatous gastritis?
TB, fungi, helicobacter
what are intestinal metaplasia and atrophy in response to?
- response to long term damage
how to identify gastric metaplasia?
- never normally find goblet cells in the stomach
what happens in atrophy?
- decreased individual cell size and decreased organ size
- Gastric mucosa becomes thin and the functional cells shrink
what are the causes of intestinal metaplasia and atrophy?
- Infection - helicobacter
- Chemical - reflux of bile acid from duodenum into the stomach
- Autoimmune Gastritis
is this damage curable?
- above basement membrane so the treatment is curable
what is a lymphomo?
A malignant tumour of lymphoid tissue.
• Also associated with helicobacter gastritis
whata re the three major outcomes of atherosclerosis?
- occludes arteries slowly
Angina
Myocardial scarring Dementia - occludes arteries suddenly
plaque ruptures –> thrombosis + embolism - weakens artery walls
Aneurysms
Thick atheromatous plaque in the intima reduces the diffusion of nutrients from inside the wall
Nutrition of the wall is depressed and you get atrophy of the muscle fibres
Muscle fibres are replaced by fibrous tissue
