Cell Parts And Their Functions Flashcards
A ___ is defined as the smallest, basic unit of life that is responsible for all life’s processes.
A ____ can replicate itself independently. Hence, they are known as the building blocks of life.
All organisms are made up of _____. They may be made up of a single cell (unicellular), or many cells (multicellular).
Cells
Who discovered CELL?
Robert Hooke discovered the cell in 1665.
• Is the region found outside the nucleus surrounded by cell membrane.
• Contains semifluid translucent substance called cytosol.
•Its jelly like feature secures the organelles in plants and animals so that they remain in place.
CYTOPLASM
> Usually a spherical organelle that is located near the center of the cell.
> It’s often called the “control center” of the cell because it contains DNA.
> Contains the genetic material DNA that directs production of protein and other many cellular processes.
•Main function is to control gene expression and initiate DNA replication.
NUCLEUS
is where the ribosomes are formed and this structure can be found both in plants and animals.
nucleolus
•Network of membranous canals that are continuous with the nuclear envelope.
• Serves as passageway for substances between the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
•They transport proteins from one part of the cell to another that is why they are called as the transport center of the cell.
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
•Is studded with attached ribosomes.
•Provides surface for ribosomes where the synthesis of many secretory proteins takes place.
Rough ER
> Performs important functions including
lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and helps in detoxification of drug and poison.
Smooth ER
• Named after Camillo Golgi who discovered them in 1898.
•Performs unique functions of manufacturing, processing, and packaging macromolecules like protein and other products and secretions before they are sent to their respective destinations.
GOLGI APPARATUS
• This membrane-bound sac organelle encloses strong hydrolytic enzymes that can break down all large macromolecules.
Lysosome
• Referred to as suicide bags of the cell.
• _____ pick up bacteria, food, and old organelles in plant and animal cell and break them into small pieces that can be reused.
LYSOSOME
•is the storage area of the cell.
• _____ store water, food, and waste.
Vacuole
• Animals have a very small vacuole while plants as the producers through the process of photosynthesis have a big central vacuole.
VACUOLES
•Are viewed under the microscope as sausage- shaped bodies
in the cytoplasm.
•Often referred as the “powerhouse of the cell.”
•They are the centers of cellular respiration, a process in which energy-rich ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate that functions in energy storage and transfer is produced.
Mitochondria
ATP
(Adenosine Triphosphate)
•These are where proteins are manufactured.
•These are very essential since all the functions and processes in plant and animal cell requires protein.
Ribosomes
> Basically found in plant cells and other photosynthetic organisms.
> Contain the green pigment chlorophyll that captures light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis.
CHLOROPLASTS
