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Cell Parts and Functions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give the 8 characteristics of organisms

A

1) Made up of cells 2) Require energy 3) Reproduce 4) Maintain Homeostasis 5) Organize 6) Respond to the environment 7) Grow and develop 8) Exchange waste/water/air

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2
Q

States that some cells/organelles lives within another cell or organelles.

A

Endosymbiotic Theory

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3
Q

Who is the person behind endosymbiotic theory?

A

Lynn Margulis

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4
Q

True or False: Cells can only be observed using a microscope.

A

True

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5
Q

Arrange from smallest to biggest: Plant, Animal or Bacterial Cells

A

Bacterial Cell, Animal Cell, Plant Cell

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6
Q

Composed of only 1 cell.

A

Unicellular cells

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7
Q

Composed of many cells that can be organized as tissues, etc.

A

Multicellular cells

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8
Q

These are very small and performs various functions for cells. They are found in cytoplasm and may or may not be membrane bound.

A

Organelles

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9
Q

Double layer of phospholipids and proteins. It controls what enters or leaves the cells and is also the living layer.

A

Cell or Plasma Membrane

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10
Q

What are the two parts of phospholipids?

A

Glycerol head and Tail

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11
Q

This part of phospholipids contains glycerol and proteins.

A

Head

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12
Q

This part of phospholipids contains of fatty acids.

A

Tail

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13
Q

True or False: The phospholipid tails are hydrophilic

A

False

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14
Q

True or False: The cell membrane is fluid.

A

True

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15
Q

These proteins are attached on the surface.

A

Peripheral Proteins

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16
Q

These proteins are embedded completely through the membrane.

A

Integral Proteins

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17
Q

Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells/pushes out against the cell wall to maintain the cell shape.

A

Cell membrane

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18
Q

Made of cellulose in plants.

A

Plant cell wall

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19
Q

The bacterial cell wall is made up of ?

A

Peptidoglycan

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20
Q

Fungi cell wall is made up of ?

A

Chitin

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21
Q

It supports and protects the cells/found outside of the cell membrane.

A

Cell wall

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22
Q

Jelly like substance enclosed by cell membrane/contains organelles and is found in all cells,.

A

Cytoplasm

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23
Q

Semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm.

A

Cytosol

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24
Q

Called the control organelle/controls the normal activity of the cell/contains the dna in chromosomes/bounded by a nuclear envelope/usually the largest organelle.

A

Nucleus

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25
Q

How many chromosomes do we have?

A

46

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26
Q

Double membrane surrounding the nucleus/attached to the rough er.

A

Nuclear envelope

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27
Q

True or False: DNA is found inside the cells’ nucleus.

A

True

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28
Q

DNA spreads out and appears as what in non dividing cells?

A

Chromatin

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29
Q

DNA is wrapped around proteins forming as what in dividing cells ?

A

Chromosomes

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30
Q

Is the hereditary material of a cell.

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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31
Q

Makes ribosomes that make proteins. It disappears when the cell divides.

A

Nucleolus

32
Q

Helps cell maintain cell shape and also helps organelles move around.

A

Cytoskeleton

33
Q

Are thread like and made up of Actin

A

Microfilaments

34
Q

Are tube like and made up of Tubulin.

A

Microtubules

35
Q

Found only in animal cells, made of bundles of microtubules, appear during cell division forming mitotic spindle, help to pull chromosomes apart.

A

Centrioles

36
Q

The power house of the cell./ Surrounded by a double membrane. Has its own DNA.

A

Mitochondrion

37
Q

Mitochondria has a folded inner membrane called?

A

Cristae

38
Q

What do you call the interior of mitochondria?

A

Matrix

39
Q

True or False: You inherit your mitochondria from your mother.,

A

True

40
Q

Mitochondria appear in what shape?

A

Rod shaped

41
Q

What do mitochondria do?

A

Burns glucose to release energy (ATP)

42
Q

This is a network of hollow membrane tubules./ Connects the nuclear envelope and cell membrane./ Functions in synthesis of cell products and transport.

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

43
Q

What are the 2 kinds of Er?

A

Rough ER and Smooth ER

44
Q

Has ribosomes on its surface. Makes membrane proteins and proteins for export out of the cell.

A

Rough ER

45
Q

_____ lacks ribosomes on its surface. It is attached to the end of rough er and makes cell products that are used inside the cell.

A

Smooth ER

46
Q

Makes membrane lipids. (steroids)/ Regulates calcium./ Destroys toxic substances.

A

Smooth ER

47
Q

Includes nuclear membrane connected to ER connected to cell membrane (Transport)

A

Endomembrane system

48
Q

These are made up of proteins and rRNA. The protein factory of the cell.

A

Ribosomes

49
Q

The process of amino acids to make proteins.

A

Protein Synthesis

50
Q

Stacks of flattened sacs. It has a shipping side and a receiving side. It receives the proteins made by rough er. Has transport vesicles with modified protein pinch off the ends.

A

Golgi bodies/apparatus

51
Q

It looks like stack of pancakes that modify, sort and package molecules from er for storage or transport out of the cells.

A

Golgi bodies/apparatus

52
Q

Contains digestive enzymes, it break downs food, bacteria and worn out parts of the cells.

A

Lysosomes

53
Q

It is the death of a cell.

A

Autolysis

54
Q

In lysosome digestion, cells take in food by what process?

A

Phagocytosis

55
Q

True or False: Lysosome digests the foods and get rid of the wastes.

A

True

56
Q

A small membrane bound vesicle containing enzymes that break down fatty acids, amino acids and h2o2.

A

Peroxisome

57
Q

Made of protein tubes called microtubules, functions in moving cell, moving fluid, or in small particles across the cell surface.

A

Cilia and Flagella

58
Q

Cilia and Flagella are arranged by what kind of arrangement?

A

9 + 2 arrangement

59
Q

These are shorter and more numerous in cells.

A

Cilia

60
Q

These are longer and fewer (usually 1-3) in cells.

A

Flagella

61
Q

Fluid filled sacs for storage./ Small or absent in the animal cells.

A

Vacuoles

62
Q

_____ have large central vacuole.

A

Plant cells

63
Q

_____ has no vacuoles.

A

Animal cells

64
Q

Is a fluid found in vacuoles.

A

Cell sap

65
Q

Found in unicellular protists like paramecia. It regulates water intake by pumping out excess. Keeps the cell from bursting.

A

Contractile Vacuole

66
Q

Found only in producers or organisms containing chlorophyll. It uses energy from sunlight to make food.

A

Chloroplasts

67
Q

Energy from sun are stored in the ____

A

Chemical bonds of sugar

68
Q

True or False: The chloroplast is surrounded by double membrane.

A

True

69
Q

The outer membrane is ____

A

Smooth

70
Q

The inner membrane modified into sacs called ?

A

Thylakoids

71
Q

What do you call the thylakoids in stacks?

A

Grana

72
Q

Gel like material surrounding the thylakoids.

A

Stroma

73
Q

True or False: The chloroplast has its own DNA.

A

True

74
Q

What do you call the food making process?

A

Photosynthesis

75
Q

True or False: Chloroplast is present in animal and bacterial cells.

A

False

76
Q

Chloroplasts contain ____ and ____ for photosynthesis.

A

Enzymes and pigment

Gen Bio (6 decks)

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