Cell Parts

Question 1

Electron vs Light Microscopy

Answer 1

Light Microscopy allows one to view dynamic processes in living cells
Light microscopy - coloured, see inside not just layers
Electron Microscopy - B&W, more magnification, more resolution
Fractionation - centrifuge splits cells components
Fluorescence Microscopy - light higher than visible on the spectrum

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

All cells

Question 3

Ribosome

Answer 3

All cells
small brown dots – free in cytoplasm or fixed to ER/nucleus
make proteins from mRNA
mRNA => proteins
ribosomal RNA is actually used as part of the ribosome structure
ribosomal RNA is made in the dense nucleolus of the nucleus at the centre

Question 4

Golgi apparatus

Answer 4

all cells - part of the endomembrane system
makes, sorts + removes cell products
proteins leave encased in a membrane

Question 5

Lysosome

Answer 5

animal cells - part of endomembrane system
digestive. attaches to something and spews enzymes into it and kills it. Macromolecules hydrolysed
More plentiful in white blood cells
plant cells - Lydic vacuole (does the same job)

Question 6

Mitochondria

Answer 6

All cells (more if increased workload ie. muscles)
Cellular respiration
ATP generated
cyanide blocks electron transport chain + ATP production

Question 7

Peroxisome

Answer 7

all cells
absorbs nutrients, digests alcohol
byproduct: hydrogen peroxide -> H20

Question 8

Plasma Membrane

Answer 8

all cells - endomembrane system

encloses the cell

Question 9

Cytoskeleton

Answer 9

cell shape + movement
microfilaments (actin filaments, all cells) - in the plasma membrane, thin + flexible, prevent buckling

intermediate filaments (animals only)- support membrane from external contact, braces it from inside cytoplasm against organelles etc. Permanent framework of the cell.

microtubules (all cells) - Hollow. Supports cell shape, provides a route through cytoplasm for organelles. Originates in centrosome (animals) near nucleus which organises them.
some can become flagella (plural) and cilia (singular) which extend from the cell and move it around.

Question 10

ER

Answer 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum
make and transport proteins
rough - has ribosomes. Make and process specific proteins, send to golgi
smooth - no ribosomes. make lipid + steroid hormones, detox byproducts and stores calcium.

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Controla nd maintain DNA
nuclear envelope - double membrane, pores allow ER access
nucleolus - centre. production of ribosomes
Chromatin - DNA and protein material

Question 12

ECM

Answer 12

ExtraCellular Matrix
Protein and carbohydrate mesh outside cell.
Collagen Dominant