Cell Organisation

Question 1

What is an enzyme?

Answer 1

An enzyme is a protein which acts as a biological catalyst

(It speeds up chemical reactions and is not used up in the reaction)

Question 2

What is the substrate?

Answer 2

The substrate is the molecule that the enzyme acts on

Question 3

What is the active site?

Answer 3

The active site is the region where the substrate binds

Question 4

How does TEMPERATURE affect enzyme activity?

Answer 4

• Enzymes work best at around 37*C
• If it is too high or too low then the enzyme may denature

Question 5

How does pH affect enzyme activity?

Answer 5

Each enzyme works well at a particular pH

Question 6

Explain how SUBSTRATE CONCENTRATION affects the rate of reaction

Answer 6

The rate of reaction increases as the substrate concentration increases until the enzyme denatures

Question 7

What are the key organs of the Digestive System? (6 organs)

Answer 7

Mouth
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Liver
Pancreas

Question 8

What does the enzyme AMYLASE do?

Answer 8

Amylase breaks down starch into sugars

Question 9

What does the enzyme PROTEASE do?

Answer 9

Protease breaks down protein into amino acids

Question 10

What does the enzyme LIPASE do?

Answer 10

Breaks down fat into fatty acid & glycerol

Question 11

In which part of the digestive system does absorption of nutrients happen?

Answer 11

Small Intestine

Question 12

What is the name of the structure which increases surface area for absorption of nutrients in the small intestine?

Answer 12

Villi

Question 13

What is the name of the muscular organ that pumps blood through the body?

Answer 13

Heart

Question 14

List the 4 parts of the heart

Answer 14

Left Atrium
Right Atrium
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle

Question 15

Name the 3 blood vessels

Answer 15

Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Question 16

What is the role of the ARTERIES?

Answer 16

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart

Question 17

What is the role of the VEINS?

Answer 17

Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 18

What is the role of the CAPILLARIES?

Answer 18

Exchange of gases and nutrients

Question 19

What are the 4 components of blood?

Answer 19

Plasma
Red Blood Cells
White Blood Cells
Platelets

Question 20

What is the role of the PLASMA?

Answer 20

Transport Medium

Question 21

What is the role of the RED BLOOD CELLS?

Answer 21

Carries Oxygen

Question 22

What is the role of the WHITE BLOOD CELLS?

Answer 22

Immune Response

Question 23

What is the role of the PLATELETS?

Answer 23

Help in clotting

Question 24

Name 4 tissues in plants

Answer 24

Xylem
Phloem
Epidermal Tissue
Meristem Tissue

Question 25

What is the role of the XYLEM?

Answer 25

Transports water and minerals

Question 26

What is the role of the PHLOEM?

Answer 26

Transports Food (Sugars)

Question 27

What is the role of the EPIDERMAL TISSUE?

Answer 27

It protects the plant

Question 28

What is the role of the MERISTEM TISSUE?

Answer 28

It is the place where new cells are produced

Question 29

What is the balanced equation for Photosynthesis?

Answer 29

6CO2 + 6H2O ——-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 30

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 30

Chloroplasts

Question 31

What does photosynthesis use for energy?

Answer 31

Sunlight