Cell Biology (Section 1)

Question 1

For a cell to be a cell, what 4 components does it require?

Answer 1

Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes

Question 2

What is the function of the CELL MEMBRANE?

Answer 2

The cell membrane controls what enters and leaves the cell

Question 3

What is the function of the CYTOPLASM?

Answer 3

The cytoplasm is where chemical reactions take place within the cell

Question 4

What is the function of DNA?

Answer 4

DNA is the genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 5

What is the function of the RIBOSOMES?

Answer 5

Ribosomes is the site of protein synthesis in the cell

Question 6

What are the 2 distinct types of cell?

Answer 6

Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic

Question 7

In which type of cell is the DNA enclosed in a nucleus?

Answer 7

Eukaryotic

Question 8

What type of cell is Plant & Animal cells?

Answer 8

Eukaryotic

Question 9

What type of cell are Bacteria Cells?

Answer 9

Prokaryotic

Question 10

How is the genetic material found in Prokaryotic Cell?

Answer 10

In single loops of DNA within the cytoplasm

Question 11

What is an ORGANELLE?

Answer 11

An Organelle is a sub-cellular “compartment” where specific processes take place within the cell

Question 12

What are the main sub-cellular structures in Animal Cells? (5 structures)

Answer 12

Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm

Question 13

What 3 extra sub-cellular parts do Plant Cells have?

Answer 13

Cell Wall
Permanent Vacuole
Chloroplasts (found in leaf & stem)

Question 14

What are PERMANENT VACUOLES made up of?

Answer 14

Sap - maintains cell turgidity

Question 15

What is a SPECIALISED CELL?

Answer 15

A specialised cell is a cell that has a structure that aids it’s specific function

Question 16

What is the name of the process where cells specialise?

Answer 16

Differentiation

Question 17

What is the function of a NERVE CELL?

Answer 17

The function of nerve cells is the conduction of electrical impulses

Question 18

What are some features of Nerve Cells? (3 features)

Answer 18

• They are long so they can conduct more impulses

• Extensions of the cytoplasm (dendrites) allows nerve cells to communicate with other nerve cells

• The Axon is covered with a fatty sheath which speeds up nerve impulse transmission

Question 19

What is the function of a MUSCLE CELL?

Answer 19

The function of a Muscle Cell is contraction for movement

Question 20

What is the main feature of MUSCLE CELLS?

Answer 20

• Contains protein filaments that slide over each other to allow for muscle contraction

Question 21

What is the function of a SPERM CELL?

Answer 21

The function of a sperm cell is to transfer genetic material to an egg for fertilisation

Question 22

What are the 3 main features of SPERM CELLS?

Answer 22

• Mid-Piece is packed with mitochondria for energy

• Tail rotates, allowing it to move

• Head contains nucleus with half the normal number of chromosomes

Question 23

What is the function of a ROOT HAIR CELL?

Answer 23

The function of a root hair cell is the absorption of water and mineral ions from the soil

Question 24

What are the 3 main features of ROOT HAIR CELLS?

Answer 24

• Root Hairs increase surface area

• Thinner Walls so water can move though easily

• Mitochondria release energy for active transport of mineral ions

Question 25

What is the function of XYLEM CELLS?

Answer 25

The function of xylem cells is to transport water and dissolved ions

Question 26

What are 2 features of XYLEM CELLS?

Answer 26

• Contains no organelles or cytoplasm to allow free passage of water • Thick outer walls strengthen the tubes and provides support for the plant

Question 27

What is the function of PHLOEM CELLS?

Answer 27

The function of phloem cells is to transport dissolved sugars and amino acids

Question 28

What is the main feature of PHLOEM CELLS?

Answer 28

• Contains holes in the end of the cell walls (sieve plates). This allows sugars and amino acids to flow easily