Cell Biology (Section 2) Flashcards
What is Cell Differentiation?
Cell Differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised. Allowing it to perform specific functions within an organism
When do most cells differentiate in Animals?
Early in development
What does does Cell Differentiation involve?
Developing structures & sub-cellular compositions
At what point do Animal Cells lose their ability to differentiate?
After they become specialised
What exception is there to Animal Cells losing their ability to differentiate after becoming specialised?
Adult Stem Cells (Retains Ability)
True or False? Plant Cells retain the ability to fully differentiate throughout their life
True
What is the name of a cell which has not differentiated?
Unspecialised Cell
What are the 2 types of microscopes?
• Light Microscope
• Electron Microscope
What are the key features of Electron Microscopes?
• Higher Magnification
• Higher Resolving Power (Resolution)
• They can be used to study cells in higher detail
• Helps to see more sub-cellular structures
What are the key features of Light Microscopes?
• Smaller
• Cheaper
• Lower Magnification
• Lower Resolution
What is the equation for Magnification?
Magnification = Image Size/Actual Size
Name 2 common specimens to be magnified
• Cheek Cells (Animal Cells)
• Onion Cells (Plant Cells)
Name 2 stains which are used to highlight cell structures
• Methylene Blue
• Iodine
When preparing slides. What must you be careful of doing?
S_______ t__ g___ s____
Smudging the glass slide
What are the main steps to take when using a Light Microscope?
- Clip slide carefully onto the stage
- Use the course adjustment knob to bring the stage up to just below the lens
- Look down the eyepiece and gradually move the stage downwards using the coarse adjustment knob
- Stop when the image is roughly in focus
- Adjust the fine adjustment knob until a clear image is displayed
What is the binary fission?
Binary Fission is a type of cell division where bacteria multiplies
How does a bacterial cell divide?
• A copy of each piece of circular DNA moves to each end of the cell
• The cytoplasm divides
• New cell walls forms around each daughter cell
In the right conditions, how often will bacteria multiply?
Every 20 mins
What temperature are harmful pathogens more likely to grow at?
Above 25*C
What 2 things can bacteria be grown in?
• Nutrient Broth Solution
• Colonies on an Agar Gel Plate
What is a chromosome?
Thread like structures of DNA which are subdivided into genes
What are chromosomes made up of?
Highly coiled strands of DNA
True or False? Different Species have different numbers of chromosomes in their nuclei
True
What must happen before a cell divides?
Genetic material must be replicated. This results in the characteristic ‘X’ shaped chromosomes
