Cell Organelles- Structure And Function

Question 1

Eukaryote

Answer 1

Contain a nucleus, DNA organised into linear chromosomes, nucleolus.

Question 2

Nucleus

Answer 2

Surrounded by nuclear envelope which has pores to allow dissolved substances and ribosomes through, stores the genome

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

DNA wound around histone proteins, spread out when cell not dividing, condenses into chromosomes before cell division

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

Where ribosomes are made

Question 5

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 5

Continuous with nuclear envelope, fluid filled cisterns, coated in ribosomes,intracellular transport of ribosomes to golgi body

Question 6

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 6

Fluid filled cisternae continuous with nuclear envelope, synthesis of cholesterol lipids steroid hormones, involved in absorption synthesis and transport of lipids from gut

Question 7

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 7

Stacks of membrane bound flattened sacs, secretory vesicles bring materials to and from, proteins modified, sugars added add lipids fold into tertiary structure

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

2-5 micrometers long, surrounded by two membranes, inner membrane membrane folded to cristae, inner part is the matrix, site of ATP production during aerobic respiration

Question 9

Chloroplast

Answer 9

4-10 micrometers long, surrounded by double membrane/envelope, inner membrane continuous with thylakoids(flattened sacs) which stack to form granum, fluid filled matrix called stroma, site of photosynthesis.

Question 10

Vacuole

Answer 10

Surrounded by tonoplast, filled with water and solutes, when filled pushes against cell making it turgid

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

Bud from the golgi Apparatus, Contain digestive enzymes , can engulf old cell organelles to digest and recycle components for reuse

Question 12

Cillia

Answer 12

Contain microtubules, form from centrioles, in trachea they beat to remove mucus , act as an antenna with receptors

Question 13

Undulopodium

Answer 13

Contain microtubules, allow sperm to move

Question 14

Ribosomes

Answer 14

Made in nucleolus, pass through nuclear pore, some free in cytoplasm, others attached to RER ,synthesise proteins from amino acids

Question 15

Centrioles

Answer 15

Two bundles of microtubules at right angles to each other , the spindle in cell division forms from these , not present in (higher) plant cells

Question 16

Microfilaments

Answer 16

Polymers of actin protein subunits ,give support and allow cell movement

Question 17

Intermediate filaments

Answer 17

Anchor the nucleus in place, sometimes they extend between cell junctions for cell-cell signalling and allowing cells to adhere to basement membrane for stability

Question 18

Microtubules

Answer 18

Polymer of tubulin,form a track for motor proteins, form spindle, make cilia undulipodia and centrioles

Question 19

Cellulose cell wall

Answer 19

Found outside cell membrane in plants, bundles of cellulose fibres, strength and support , permeable.

Question 20

Motor proteins

Answer 20

Molecular motors, contain enzymes to hydrolyse ATP, walk and drag organelles/chromosomes along microtubules/spindle

Question 21

Fungi cell wall

Answer 21

Made of chitin, supports the cell