Cell Organelles: Structure and Function Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain?

A

The cytosol (intracellular fluid) and the organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are organelles?

A

Specialised structures which co-operate to maintain homeostasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How much of a cell’s volume does cytosol make up?

A

55%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How much of cytosol is water?

A

Between 75 and 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does cytosol contain?

A

Dissolved ions, glucose, amino acids, ATP, lipids and waste products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is cytosol the site for?

A

A wide range of enzymatically-controlled reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the cytoskeleton consist of?

A

A network of protein filaments extending throughout the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the cytoskeleton?

A
  • Helps cells maintain their shape and internal organisation

- Provides mechanical support that enables cells to carry out essential functions like division and movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three main types of cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are microfilaments found?

A

They surround the edge of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are microfilaments made up of?

A

Actin and myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 functions of microfilaments?

A
  • They help generate movement (contraction, locomotion and cell division)
  • They provide mechanical support needed for cell strength and shape
  • They create microvilli ( for example, in the small intestine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is 1 feature of intermediate filaments?

A

Very strong

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are intermediate filaments found?

A

In parts of the cell subject to mechanical stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of intermediate filaments?

A

They help stabilise the positions of organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do intermediate filaments contain?

A

Proteins such as keratin, vimentin and lamin

17
Q

Describe microtubules

A

Long, unbranched hollow tubules

18
Q

What are microtubules made from?

A

Tubulin

19
Q

Where do microtubules form?

A

In the centrosome, then radiate outwards

20
Q

What are the functions of microtubules?

A
  • Help with cell strength, shape and movement of organelles (such as vesicles and during cell division)
  • Help provide structure to flagella (for example, spermatozoa)
21
Q

Where is the centrosome found?

A

Near the nucleus

22
Q

What are the 2 functions of the centrosome?

A
  • Main microtubule organising centre and regulator of cell cycle progression
  • Growth of the mitotic spindle during cell division
23
Q

What do centrosomes consist of?

A

Two centrioles

24
Q

What is a centriole?

A

Cylindrical structures composed of a circle of nine clusters of microtubule triplets

25
Q

How are the two centrioles arranged?

A

Both centrioles are at right angles to each other and pericentriolar material surrounds the centrioles and consists of numerous rings of tubulin