Cell Organelles

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

• Storage and transmission of genetic information
• Nucleolus is associated with DNA that codes for forming the RNA in ribosomes
• Nuclear envelope of 2 membranes and acts as a barrier
• Nuclear pores at regular intervals
• RNA move through nuclear pores
• DNA associates with proteins to form chromatin
  * Form chromosomes in mitosis

Question 2

• 2 membranes
• Major site of ATP production
• Inner membrane folds into matrix, forming cristae
• Contains enzymes active in Kreb’s cycle and oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

• Single membrane
• Fluid is acidic and contains digestive enzymes
• Break down bacteria and cell debris
• May break down cell organelles that are damaged

Answer 3

Lysosomes

Question 4

• Dense oval bodies
• Consume molecular oxygen
  * Reactions that remove H from organic molecules
• Involved in process by which fatty acids are broken into 2C fragments

Answer 4

Peroxisomes

Question 5

• Cytoplasmic structures composed of protein and vRNA
• Associated with nuclear pores
• Regulate cell’s sensitivity to drugs
• Important for transport of molecules between cytosol and nucleus

Answer 5

Vaults

Question 6

• Composed of 2 G-actin which assemble into F-actin
• Determine cell shape
• Cell division
• Muscle cell contraction

Answer 6

Actin filaments

Question 7

• Present in processes of neurons

- Most rigid

Answer 7

Microtubules

Question 8

• Cell shape
• Anchor nucleus
• Provide strength

Answer 8

Intermediate filament

Question 9

• Maintain and change cell shape and produce movements

Answer 9

Cytoskeleton

Question 10

• Membrane-bound vesicular and tubular structures
• Sorting, modifying and directing vesicular traffic in cells
• Between plasma membrane and Golgi apparatus

Answer 10

Endosomes

Question 11

• Membranous sacs
• Associated with vesicles
• Concentrates, modifies and sorts proteins from the RER
• Distributes proteins via vesicles

Answer 11

Golgi Apparatus

Question 12

• 2 subunits either floating free or associated with RER
• Protein molecules are synthesized from amino acids
• Proteins from RER pass to lumen of reticulum and transfer to Golgi apparatus
• Proteins from free ribosomes are released into the cytosol

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

• Has ribosomes to cytosolic surface

- Involved in protein synthesis

Answer 13

RER

Question 14

• Branched tubular structure
• Where certain lipid molecules are synthesized
• Role in detoxification of hydrophobic molecules
• Stores and releases calcium ions

Answer 14

SER