cell organelles

Question 1

state the four parts of the nucleus

Answer 1

nucleus, nuclear envelope, nuclear pore, nucleolus

Question 2

state the function of the nucleus

Answer 2

contains DNA which codes for protein synthesis

Question 3

state the function of the nuclear envelope

Answer 3

separates the DNA from the cytoplasm

Question 4

state the function of the nuclear pore

Answer 4

allows the transport of mRNA (out of the nucleus)

Question 5

state the function of the nucleolus

Answer 5

synthesises rRNA and ribosomes

Question 6

state the function of ribosomes

Answer 6

protein synthesis

Question 7

state the structure of ribosomes

Answer 7

can be free or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Question 8

state the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

transports proteins, which are synthesised by the ribosomes attached

Question 9

state the structure of the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

system of flattened sacs continuous with the nuclear membrane and has ribosomes attached

Question 10

state the structure of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

has NO ribosomes attached

Question 11

state the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 11

the synthesis and transport of lipids

Question 12

state the structure of the golgi body

Answer 12

similar to the endoplasmic reticulum, however more compact (surrounded by vesicles (vacuoles))

Question 13

state the functions of the golgi body

Answer 13

chemically modifies proteins, produces lysosomes, glycoproteins and packages proteins for secretion out of the cell

Question 14

state the structure of mitochondria

Answer 14

rod shapes and has a double membrane, inner membrane is folded

Question 15

state the function of the mitochondria

Answer 15

the site of aerobic respiration which synthesises ATP

Question 16

another name for vacuoles

Answer 16

vesicles

Question 17

state the function of vesicles (vacuoles) in ANIMALS

Answer 17

acts as a contractile vacuole to maintain osmotic pressure

Question 18

state the structure of vesicles (vacuoles) in ANIMALS

Answer 18

small membrane bound organelle

Question 19

state the function of vesicles (vacuoles) in PLANTS

Answer 19

storage of ions and organic molecules (like proteins and maintaining osmotic pressure)

Question 20

state the structure of vesicles (vacuoles) in PLANTS

Answer 20

large membrane bound organelle surrounded by tonoplast

Question 21

state the structure of centrioles

Answer 21

consists of two hollow cylinders positioned at right angles to one another

Question 22

state the function of centrioles

Answer 22

used in spindle formation (microtubules) in cell division

Question 23

state the structure of lysosomes

Answer 23

small vacuoles formed when small portions of the Golgi body are removed

Question 24

state the function of lysosomes

Answer 24

they contain and isolate hydrolytic (digestive) enzymes, they can release these enzymes and destroy organelles/cells/toxins

Question 25

state the structure of chloroplasts

Answer 25

disc shaped organelle, have a double membrane

Question 26

state the function of chloroplasts

Answer 26

site of photosynthesis

Question 27

state the structure of the cellulose cell wall

Answer 27

made of cellulose microfibrils in a polysaccharide matrix

Question 28

state the function of the cellulose cell wall

Answer 28

to provide strength and support

Question 29

state the structure of the plasmodesmata

Answer 29

narrow thread of cytoplasm that passes through the cell walls of adjacent plant walls

Question 30

state the function of the plasmodesmata

Answer 30

exchange of large organic materials via cytoplasmic streaming, allows communication between adjacent cells