Cell organelles

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

Flexible phospholipid bilayer that controls the entry and exit of substances and encloses the cell

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

All of the cell contents between the nuclear membrane and the cell membrane, where metabolic activity occurs

Question 3

Cytosol

Answer 3

The semi-liquid part of cytoplasm

Question 4

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 4

A network of channels and flattened sacs that extends through the cytoplasm. It is continuous from the nuclear envelope, and transports materials such as proteins

Question 5

Smooth ER

Answer 5

Has a unique set of enzymes and performs functions such as the production of membrane phospholipids

Question 6

Rough ER

Answer 6

Contains ribosomes and is a site for protein synthesis

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

Flattened sacs which collect materials, modify products of the ER (eg. Proteins), manufacture some macromolecules and sort and package materials into transport vesicles

Question 8

Lysosomes

Answer 8

Sac of enzymes that can digest foreign substances and macromolecules. This includes bacteria, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and proteins

Question 9

Mitochondria

Answer 9

Site of aerobic cellular respiration, a metabolic process that generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Question 10

Nucleus

Answer 10

Contains most of the cells DNA

Question 11

Nuclear membrane

Answer 11

An envelope that has pores to allow communication between the nucleus and the rest of the cell

Question 12

Nucleolus

Answer 12

Involved in the production of ribosomes

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

The loose form of DNA and its proteins

Question 14

Ribosome

Answer 14

Non-membranous structure that carries out protein synthesis in the cytosol and on the outside of rough ER

Question 15

Centrosome

Answer 15

Located at one end of the cell, close to the nucleus. Microtubules or spindle fibres may emerge from them

Question 16

Centrioles

Answer 16

Animal centrosomes each have a pair of these, acting as structure for the cell

Question 17

Chloroplast

Answer 17

Site of photosynthesis, where light energy is converted into chemical energy stored in carbohydrates

Question 18

Cell wall

Answer 18

Structure made of tough cellulose fibres, preventing excess uptake of water and protecting and maintaining the shape of a plant cell

Question 19

Large vacuole

Answer 19

Contains toxins until their removal to protect the cell. It also stores water, nutrients and metabolic wastes, and provides rigidity for the whole organism