Cell organelles Flashcards

1
Q

Cytoplasm

A

contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane

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2
Q

plasma membrane

A

selective barrier regulates the cell’s composition

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3
Q

cytosol

A

semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

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4
Q

chromosome

A

carry genes in the form of DNA

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5
Q

ribosome

&where?

A

complexes made of ribosomal RNAs

Perform protein synthesis in cytosol and ER

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6
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

maintain/change the shape of the cell and anchor organelles/ help in cell divison

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7
Q

nucleus

A

contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes

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8
Q

nuclear envelope

A

double membrane surrounds the nucleus, regulates traffic with pores

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9
Q

nuclear lamina

A

protein filaments thin inner surface of the nuclear envelope and helps maintain the shape

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10
Q

chromatin

A

DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes

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11
Q

nucleous (3)

A

contains RNA and ribosomal proteins, site of RNA synthesis, and ribosomal subunit assembly

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12
Q

vesicles

A

a membrane sac in and outside of a cell

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13
Q

rough ER (3)

A

(has ribosomes) distributes transport vesicles, secretory proteins surrounded by membrane, membrane factory

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14
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

extensive networks of membranes that account for more than half of the total membrane

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15
Q

Smooth ER (3)

A

(no ribosomes) synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poison, stores calcium ions

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16
Q

Golgi apparatus (3)

A

flattened membrane sacs called cisternae modify products of ER, manufacture certain macromolecules, sort/package materials into transport vesicles

17
Q

lysosomes

A

membrane sac of hydrolytic enzymes that eukaryotic cells use to digest macromolecules. Performs phagocytosis and autophagy

18
Q

vacuoles

A

hold waste products, maintain water balance

19
Q

mitochondria

A

site for cellular respiration creates energy

20
Q

peroxisome

A

remove H atoms, and transfer them to oxygen, producing H2O2

21
Q

centrosome

A

microtubules-organizing center with centrioles to help the replication of cells (separating the DNA)

22
Q

central vacuole

A

repository of inorganic ions, playing a role in the growth of plant cells

23
Q

chloroplasts

A

contain green pigment to function in photosynthesis

24
Q

cell wall

A

protect cells, give shape

Prokaryotic cells and plant cells have these

25
animal cells
lysosomes, centrosome
26
plant cells
chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall
27
differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (4)
- prokaryotes have no nucleus (in nucleoid) - form of DNA (e in chromosomes and circular in p) - size (eukaryotes are larger)
28
cell theory
1. All organisms are made of cells 2. Cells are the smallest unit of life 3. New cells come from other cells through cell division
29
endomembrane system (4)
Crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis and regulating flow of molecules within the cell ER vesicles golgi lysosomes
30
organelles that all cells have
1. DNA 2. cytoplasm 3. ribosomes 4. cell membrane 5. cytoskeleton