Cell organelles

Question 1

Cytoplasm

Answer 1

contents of the cell bounded by the plasma membrane

Question 2

plasma membrane

Answer 2

selective barrier regulates the cell’s composition

Question 3

cytosol

Answer 3

semifluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 4

chromosome

Answer 4

carry genes in the form of DNA

Question 5

ribosome

&where?

Answer 5

complexes made of ribosomal RNAs

Perform protein synthesis in cytosol and ER

Question 6

Cytoskeleton

Answer 6

maintain/change the shape of the cell and anchor organelles/ help in cell divison

Question 7

nucleus

Answer 7

contains genetic material in the form of chromosomes

Question 8

nuclear envelope

Answer 8

double membrane surrounds the nucleus, regulates traffic with pores

Question 9

nuclear lamina

Answer 9

protein filaments thin inner surface of the nuclear envelope and helps maintain the shape

Question 10

chromatin

Answer 10

DNA and proteins that make up eukaryotic chromosomes

Question 11

nucleous (3)

Answer 11

contains RNA and ribosomal proteins, site of RNA synthesis, and ribosomal subunit assembly

Question 12

vesicles

Answer 12

a membrane sac in and outside of a cell

Question 13

rough ER (3)

Answer 13

(has ribosomes) distributes transport vesicles, secretory proteins surrounded by membrane, membrane factory

Question 14

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 14

extensive networks of membranes that account for more than half of the total membrane

Question 15

Smooth ER (3)

Answer 15

(no ribosomes) synthesizes lipids, detoxifies drugs and poison, stores calcium ions

Question 16

Golgi apparatus (3)

Answer 16

flattened membrane sacs called cisternae modify products of ER, manufacture certain macromolecules, sort/package materials into transport vesicles

Question 17

lysosomes

Answer 17

membrane sac of hydrolytic enzymes that eukaryotic cells use to digest macromolecules. Performs phagocytosis and autophagy

Question 18

vacuoles

Answer 18

hold waste products, maintain water balance

Question 19

mitochondria

Answer 19

site for cellular respiration creates energy

Question 20

peroxisome

Answer 20

remove H atoms, and transfer them to oxygen, producing H2O2

Question 21

centrosome

Answer 21

microtubules-organizing center with centrioles to help the replication of cells (separating the DNA)

Question 22

central vacuole

Answer 22

repository of inorganic ions, playing a role in the growth of plant cells

Question 23

chloroplasts

Answer 23

contain green pigment to function in photosynthesis

Question 24

cell wall

Answer 24

protect cells, give shape

Prokaryotic cells and plant cells have these

Question 25

animal cells

Answer 25

lysosomes, centrosome

Question 26

plant cells

Answer 26

chloroplasts, central vacuole, cell wall

Question 27

differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes (4)

Answer 27

• prokaryotes have no nucleus (in nucleoid)
• form of DNA (e in chromosomes and circular in p)
• size (eukaryotes are larger)

Question 28

cell theory

Answer 28

1. All organisms are made of cells
2. Cells are the smallest unit of life
3. New cells come from other cells through cell division

Question 29

endomembrane system (4)

Answer 29

Crucial role in maintaining cell homeostasis and regulating flow of molecules within the cell

ER vesicles golgi lysosomes

Question 30

organelles that all cells have

Answer 30

1. DNA
2. cytoplasm
3. ribosomes
4. cell membrane
5. cytoskeleton