Cell organelles Flashcards
Nucleus
- Contains the genetic material, DNA.
- Described as the control center of the cell.
Plasma membrane
Separates cell contents from the surrounding environment, providing a protective barrier. Made of phospholipids.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Studded with ribosomes; tubules provide an area for storage and transport of the proteins made on the ribosomes to other cell areas.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
Site of steroid and lipid synthesis, lipid metabolism, and drug detoxification.
Golgi apparatus
Packages proteins or other substances for export from the cell or incorporation into the plasma membrane and in packaging lysosomal enzymes.
Lysosome
To digest worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell. Have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured and are referred to as “suicide sacs.”
Mitochondria
Contain enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce cellular energy (ATP); “Powerhouse of the cell”
Centrioles
Direct the formation of the mitotic spindle during cell division; form the bases of cilia and flagella.
nine triplets of microtubules
Vesicles
Help transport materials that an organism needs to survive and recycle waste materials.
Cytoskeleton
Provide cellular support; function in intracellular transport.
MICROTUBULE: form the internal structure of the centrioles and help determine cell shape.
Peroxisomes
Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, free radicals, and other harmful chemicals. Abundant in liver and kidney cells.
Cytosol
Fluid cytoplasmic material.
Chromatin
Genetic material is loosely dispersed throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form.
Nuclear envelope
Nucleus is bound by a double-layered porous membrane.
