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BIOL340 > Cell motility > Flashcards

Cell motility Flashcards

1
Q

the motor proteins Kinesin and Dynein are microtubules or microfilaments?

A

microtubules

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2
Q

the motor protein myosins are microtubules or microfilaments?

A

microfilaments

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3
Q

what is an example of a cell that moves?

A

neutrophils: move to site of infection and engulf foreign invaders

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4
Q

intracellular components move: microtubules of the mitotic spindle play a role in the ??? of chromosomes during cell division

A

separation

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5
Q

To generate movement, MTs and MFs provide a scaffold for motor proteins that produce motion at the ??? level

A

molecular

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6
Q

the following describes Microtubule-based motility or microfilament based motility?
- transport of organelles and vesicles
– Formation of mitotic and meiotic spindles
– fast axonal transport in neurons
– sliding of MTs in cilia and flagella

A

microtubule-based motility

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7
Q

the following describes Microtubule-based motility or microfilament based motility?
- muscle contraction
– cell shape changes and migration
– cytoplasmic streaming

A

microfilament-based motility

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8
Q

motility systems couple ATP hydrolysis to changes in shape and attachment of ??? i.e. they convert chemical energy into mechanical work

A

the motor proteins

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9
Q

motility systems undergo cycles of ATP hydrolysis, ADP release and aquisition of new ATP, driven by ???

A

motor proteins

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10
Q

TRUE or FALSE: motor proteins have common structural features and can move along cytoskeletal filaments for significant distances

A

TRUE

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11
Q

motor proteins move BI-directionall or UNI-directionally (?) across their cytoskeletal track in a stepqise manner. dynamic instability regulates this signalling

A

unidirectionally

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12
Q

the lever domain of a motor protein transduces ???

A

conformational change

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13
Q

Kinesins and Dyneins move along microtubules, transporting organelles and vesicles toward the NEGATIVE or POSITIVE (?) end, considered ‘inbound’ whilst towards the opposite end is ‘outbound’

A

negative/minus end

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14
Q

Axonal transport: proteins produced in the cell body are transported to the nerve ending = FAST or SLOW?

A

fast

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15
Q

fast axonal transport involves packaging proteins into vesicles for transport by ??? and cytoplasmic dynein

A

kinesin I

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16
Q

Kinesin I or cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for the following?
- Involved in ATP‐dependent transport toward the positive end (outbound)
- Called anterograde axonal transport

A

Kinesin I

17
Q

Kinesin I or cytoplasmic dynein is responsible for the following?
- Moves particles in the opposite direction to the negative end (inbound)
- Called retrograde axonal transport

A

Cytoplasmic dynein

18
Q

Kinesins move towards the plus end of MTs and consist of two dimerised heavy chains and two light chains. The heavy chains contain globular domains that attach to ???

A

MTs

19
Q

ADP bound head of DYNEIN or KINESIN (?) binds to tubulin and ADP is displaced for ATP = results in rear head flipping forward which affects the conformation, flipping the linker forward and the lagging head with it to the next tubulin to which it binds. Cycle repeats

A

Kinesin

20
Q

Kinesin can move long distances along Microtubules before detaching from it by releasing bound ??? and acquiring a new ATP so that the cycle repeats.

A

ADP

21
Q

dyneins are a family of minus end-directed microtubule motors structurally unrelated to the kinesins. They are the LARGEST or SMALLEST motor protein?

A

largest

22
Q

Cytoplasmic or axonemal dynein (?) are associated with a protein complex called dynactin, which helps link dynein to cargo

A

cytoplasmic

23
Q

Cytoplasmic or axonemal dynein (?) are specialised for the rapid and efficient microtubule sliding movements that drive the beating of cilia and flagella

A

axonemal dyneine

24
Q

dyneins follow the general rule of coupling ATP hydrolysis and ??? change to microtubule binding and unbinding resulting in a power‐stroke forward

A

conformational

25
Q

dyneins can jog in place, causing the whole microtubule to roll along beneath it. This often occurs in conjunction with ??? of the MT

A

depolymerisation

26
Q

how are chromatids separated and dividing cells separated during mitosis?

A

the action of dyneine jogging in place, causing the MT to roll beneath it

27
Q

membrane extensions of the ER can be moved along microtubules. The vesicles to and from the golgi complex are carried by microtubule ??? on microtubules

A

motor proteins

28
Q

movement of membrane extensions of the ER is based on polarity:
- Kinesin moves golgi to ER and Golgi to ??? (exocytosis)
- Dynein moves ER to golgi and ??? to golgi (Endocytosis)

A

cell membrane

29
Q

myosin is an ATP-dependent motor that interacts with and exerts force on ???

A

actin microfilaments

30
Q

all ??? have at least one heavy chain with a globular head group attached to a tail of varying length

A

myosins

31
Q

myosin uses a cycle of structural changes to walk along ???

A

actin filament

32
Q

Myosin contraction cycle:
1. attached to actin
2. released by binding ATP which causes reduced affinity for actin
3. cocked, conformational change causes lever arm to swing, ATP is ???
4. rebinding: myosin head binds weakly to new site 5nm along actin filament
5. power stroke: Pi is released and myosin becomes tightly bound
6. force generating: cycle begins again

A

hydrolysed

33
Q

what is the difference between myosin and kinesins?
- ??? operate alone or in small numbers to transport vesicels over large distances
- ??? move short distances but operate in large arrays

A

KINESIN
MYOSIN II

34
Q

myosin II pulls arrays of actin filaments together = rapid and efficient contraction of ???

A

muscle cells

35
Q

??? muscle fibres are huge single cells produced from the fusion of manyb cells, the cytoplasm of which is filled with myofibrils that are repeating units of contractile units (sarcomeres)

A

skeletal

36
Q

Non-muscle cells crawl/move using ??? and/or filopodia

A

lamellipodia

37
Q

non-muscle cell movement involves protrusion produced by ??? of the branched actin network at leading edge

A

polymerisation

38
Q

non-muscle cell movement involves attachment to substratum proteins via focal adhesions and tension to detach the ??? edge

A

trailing

39
Q

Non‐muscle cells move via polymerisation of actin at leading edge, attachment to substratum, actin‐myosin contraction, and retraction of rear by ???

A

depolymerisation

BIOL340 (13 decks)

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