Cell metabolism 2 Flashcards
How are fatty acids stored
as triacylglycerols
Why are fatty acids an ideal storage molecule
reduced and anhydrous
Where is acetyl CoA produced
in the mitochondrion
What are the 3 sources of fat
1) diet
2) de novo synthesis by liver
3) storage deposits in adipose
Where are bile salts made and stored
liver and gallbladder
What about bile salts can solublise fats
is hydrophilic and hydrophobic
What does a lack of bile salts lead to
steatorrhea - fat passes through gut undigested
How does orlistat work
inhibitor of gastric and pancreatic lipases
By how much does orlistat reduce fat absorption
30%
for how long is orlistat effective in treating obesity
for 2 years
What are the side effects of orlistat
increased flatus
increased desire to defecate
steatorrhea
abdominal pain
From where do chylomicrons acquire apoproteins
HDL ( high density lipoproteins)
how are digested dietary products absorbed
by enterocytes that line the border of the small intestine
What happens to triglycerides before incorporated into chylomicrons
synthesized by enzymes
From where to where do chylomicrons travel
lacteals of the intestine to the thoracic duct to the left subclavian vein
Where are lipoprotein lipases located
endothelial cells of adipose, skeletal and heart tissue
what happens to fatty acids and glycerol when there are high levels of glucagon
fatty acids undergo beta oxidation
glycerol transported to liver to undergo gluconeogenesis
What do lipoprotein lipases recognise
apoprotein
What does the phospholipid monolayer surround
a core of cholesterol esters and triacyclglycerols
What does the esterification of cholesterol do
makes it even more hydrophobic
Where are cholesterol esters synthesized
plasma
what are the reactants in the esterification of cholesterol esters
cholesterol and phosphatidyl choline
What is the enzyme that catalyses the formation of cholesterol esters
lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase
What can LDLs be taken up by
macrophages or liver
