Cell metabolism Flashcards
What are the main basic elements of a cell/ organism?
CHOPN
What are the main 3 types of passive transport used by a cell?
Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, and osmosis
What are the 3 main active transports?
SImple transport, group translocation, and the ABC system transport
Describe simple transport
It is driven by proton motive force. It can either be symport, which meanns solute and H+ move in the same direction
antiport- which means solute and H+ move in different directions
Describe group translocation
The substance that needs to be transported has to be modified chemically to do so. This process requires additional enzymes
Describe ABC Transport.
ABC (ATP-Binding Cassette)
This type of transport is very specific. It required transmembrane and ATP-hydrolyzing proteins.
IN gram negatives, this protein is periplasmic binding.
In gram positives and archeaea, this protein is substarte binding on external surface of cytoplasmic membrane
Anabolism meaning
synthesis of macromolecules form smaller molecules. Uses energy
Catabolisim
breakdown on macromolecules to smaller molecules. This yields energy
Name the critical components of metabolism
Electron or hydrogen carriers. Energy rich compounds
Enzymes, substrates
Name an electron carrier. WHat do they do?
The NAD+ and NADH.
Facilitate redox reactions without being consumed. They are recycled.
What is a benefit of an electron carrier?
It can allow for many different donors and acceptors to interact
How are enzymes regulated by the cell?
The cell changes the amount of enzymes. The cell can change the enzyme through competitive inhibition or noncompetitive inhibition
What are chemoorganotrophs
get energy from organic chemicals
chemolithotrophs
get energy/ oxidizes from inorganic compounds
phototrophs
get energy from the sun
