Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

1.1 POM Cells > Cell Metabolism 1 > Flashcards

Cell Metabolism 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 types of reactions?

A
  1. Oxidation-reduction (e transfer)
  2. Ligation requiring ATP cleavage (form covalent bonds)
  3. Isomerisation
  4. Group transfer
  5. Hydrolytic
  6. Addition/removal of functional groups (make/break double bonds)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is glycolysis aerobic?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 stages of glycolysis?

A
  1. Formation of high energy compound
  2. Splitting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How is ATP involved in each of the 2 stages?

A
  1. Invest ATP
  2. Generate ATP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What reaction does glucose undergo? (reactant, product, enzyme, type)

A

Glucose —> Glucose-6-phosphate
- Hexokinase (use ATP)
- Group transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are 2 important features of step 1?

A
  1. Irreversible so commits glucose to glycolysis
  2. Negative product so trapped in cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can G6P also be used in?

A

Pentose phosphate pathway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What reaction does G6P undergo?

A

Glucose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-6-phosphate
- Phosphoglucose isomerase
- Isomerisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is F6P produced?

A

Can split to equal halves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What reaction does F6P undergo?

A

Fructose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
- Phosphofructokinase (use ATP)
- Group transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the high energy compounds of glycolysis?

A
  1. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
  2. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What reaction does F16BP undergo?

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate —> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- Aldolase
- Hydrolytic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which enzyme controls the entry of sugars into glycolysis?

A

Phosphofructokinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is important about TP1 deficiency?

A

Only fatal glycolytic enzymopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What reaction does DHAP undergo?

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate —> Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
- Triose phosphate isomerase
- Isomerisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What reaction does G3P undergo?

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate —> 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate
- Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (generate NADH)
-Redox and Group transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What reaction does 13BPG undergo?

A

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate —> 3-Phosphoglycerate
- Phosphoglycerate kinase (generate ATP)
- Group transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What reaction does 3PG undergo?

A

3-Phosphoglycerate —> 2-Phosphoglycerate
- Phosphoglycerate mutase
- Isomerisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What reaction does 2PG undergo?

A

2-Phosphoglycerate —> Phosphoenolpyruvate
- Enolase
- Group removal

21
Q

What reaction does PEP undergo?

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate —> Pyruvate
- Pyruvate kinase (generate ATP)
- Group transfer

22
Q

Which glycolysis reaction is dehydration?

A

2PG —> PEP + H2O

23
Q

Which 2 reactions use ATP investment?

A
  1. G —> G6P
  2. F6P —> F16BP
24
Q

Which 2 reactions generate ATP?

A
  1. 13BPG –> 3PG
  2. PEP —> P
25
Which reaction generates NADH?
G3P ---> 13BPG
26
What are the 10 steps of glycolysis?
1. G ---> G6P - H K 2. G6P ---> F6P - PG I 3. F6P ---> F16BP - PF K 4. F16BP ---> DHAP + G3P - A 5. DHAP ---> G3P - TP I 6. G3P ---> 13BPG - G3P D 7. 13BPG ---> 3PG - PG K 8. 3PG ---> 2PG - PG M 9. 2PG ---> PEP - E 10. PEP ---> P - P K
27
What is the overall equation of glycolysis?
Glucose + 2 NAD ---> 2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP
28
When does the PPP occur?
Anabolic reactions
29
Which 2 molecules are important in the PPP?
1. Ribose-5-phosphate 2. NADPH
30
When are each of the 4 modes of PPP used?
1. R5P > NADPH needed 2. R5P + NADPH needed 3. R5P < NADPH needed 4. NADPH + ATP needed
31
Which PPP mode is used in RBCs and why?
3 - NADPH maintains reduced glutathione (antioxidant)
32
What is the reaction of mode 3 of the PPP?
G6P + 12 NADP + 7 O2 ---> 6 CO2 + 12NADPH + 12 H+ + Pi
33
What are the 2 reactions of alcoholic fermentation?
1. Pyruvate ---> Acetaldehyde - Pyruvate decarboxylase (make CO2) 2. Acetaldehyde ---> Ethanol - Alcohol dehydrogenase (use NADH)
34
What are the 3 fates of pyruvate?
1. Alcoholic fermentation 2. Lactate production 3. Acetyl CoA production
35
Where does alcoholic fermentation usually occur?
Yeast
36
What is the reaction of generation of lactate?
Pyruvate ---> Lactate - Lactate dehydrogenase (use NADH) - Reversible
37
When does generation of lactate occur?
Limited oxygen
38
What must be a product of the 3 fates of pyruvate?
NAD+
39
What is the reaction of CP?
Creatine Phosphate + ADP ---> Creatine + ATP - Creatine kinase (make ATP) - Reversible
40
Why must CP be used as a buffer?
ATP does not sustain muscle contraction for long enough during exercise
41
What is the ΔG of ATP hydrolysis?
-31 kJ/mol
42
What is the ΔG of CP hydrolysis?
-43.1 kJ/mol
43
What is the muscle contraction time for ATP vs CP hydrolysis?
1 vs 4 secs
44
What is the reaction of acetyl CoA generation?
Pyruvate + HS-CoA + NAD ---> Acetyl CoA + CO2 + NADH - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (make NADH)
45
Where does acetyl CoA generation occur?
Mitochondria
46
Which bond in acetyl CoA is most important and why?
Thioester bond - high energy so readily hydrolysed - allows ACoA to donate acetate
47
What deficiency causes Beri-Beri and why?
Thiamine (vit B1) - cofactor in PDH complex - can readily lose proton so becomes a carbanion that can attack pyruvate
48
What are the 3 symptoms of Beri-Beri?
1. PNS damage 2. Weak musculature 3. Dec cardiac output

1.1 POM Cells (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions