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Biochem (Midterm) > Cell Membranes > Flashcards

Cell Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

which 3 things compose membranes?

A

proteins, carbs, and lipids (mostly phospholipids)

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2
Q

Are PL’s amphipathic?

A

yes because they have a phillic head and a phobic tail

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3
Q

which is better for you, saturated or unsaturated fatty acids?

A

unsatturated because double bonds cause them to bend, not solid at RT

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4
Q

What are peripheral membrane proteins?

A

proteins that sit on the surface of the membrane loosly bound through electrostatic interactions

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5
Q

What are integral membrane proteins?

A

proteins that go right through the membrane, stabelizing hydropobic interactions- some can be transmembrane- often for ion transport

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6
Q

What makes the ABO blood groups?

A

different carbs attached to the surface of RBC membranes

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7
Q

What is the hydrophilic head of PL mad of?

A

phospholipids

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8
Q

What is the hydrophobic tail of PL’s made of?

A

fatty acid

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9
Q

What are the 2 types of phospholipids?

A

glycerophospholipids and sphingo lipids that have a glycerol backbone and sphingosine backbone respectivly

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10
Q

What is a glycolipid?

A

membrane lipid found on the outer leaflet, contains carbohydrate resigues so this is a peripheral membrane protein

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11
Q

What is a cholesterol?

A

embeded in the lipid bilayer- hydrocarbon chain interacts with hydrophobic tails of membrane lipids

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12
Q

Which 3 lipids face the external environment in a cell membrane?

A

phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and glycolipids

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13
Q

What are integral monotropic proteins?

A

proteins firmly attached to one sheet of the membrane

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14
Q

What is the glycocalyx of of a cell?

A

outer carbohydrate shell where the carbs are covaelently attached (strong)

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15
Q

?What are the 3 functions of the glycocalyx

A

protection, adhesion, and identification (VIP for RBC)

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16
Q

What role does phosphatidl serine play in cell life?

A

usually PS is found on the inside of the bilayer but during apoptosis PS is shown on the outside of the cell. (flipping needs Ca++ and ATP) This is what is recognized by phagocytes

17
Q

What is Niemann Pick Disease

A

A rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency in sphingomyelinase which is the enzyme that breaks down sphingomyelin which is present on the outer leaflet of cells

18
Q

Why is sphingomyelinase important to sphingomyelin in NP Disease?

A

SM cant be broken down in NP disease because sphingomyelinase doesnt work properly and so SM builds up in liver, spleen, CNS, and bone marrow cells.

19
Q

S/S of NP disease?

A

enlarged spleen and liver because of the build up of SM in lysosomes. neuro damage and short life of 2/3 years
Cherry red spots in eyes of patients is VIP

20
Q

ABO blood and transfusions what do you ave to do and why?

A

ABO antigens are present on the surface of RBCs and antigens to other ab may be floating around in plasma so must cross match blood before a transfusion or you can get hemolysis shock and death

21
Q

Erythroblastic Fetalis

A

When mom is Rh- and baby is Rh+ antibdies are created in moms body against Rh. If baby #2 is Rh+ and no treatment is applied, mom’s antibodies will attack baby

22
Q

what does membrane fluidity allow for?

A

it allows for proteins and other molecules to move laterally and rotate like with the phosphatidyl serine (PS)

23
Q

3 factors that influence membrane fluidity?

A

temp, lipid composition, and amount of cholesterol

24
Q

Transition or melting temp

A

temp at which the membrane crystalizes (low) above the Tm = fluid

25
Q

what do saturated fatty acids do to membrane fluidity?

A

make it more ridged (b/c long straight chains)

26
Q

what do unsaturated fatty acids do to the membrane fluidity?

A

make it more fluid (b/c short kinky chains)

27
Q

What does cholestrol do to membrane fluidity?

A

makes it more ridged because it squeezes itself in there decreasing the mobility of FA

28
Q

Is there any time when cholesterol causes increased fluidity in the membrane?

A

yes, when the membrane has lots of saturated FA because the cholesterol can break up the tail bonds

29
Q

Cholesterol acts as a membrane buffer because:

A

ridgid membranes: makes it more fluid

fluid membranes: makes it more ridged

30
Q

Wat do translocators and flippases do?

A

they move membrane lipids and proteins from one side to the other

31
Q

How do cell mebranes compensate at cold and then hot temperatures?

A

cold temp -> ridged -> increase the number of unsaturated fatty acids
hot temps -> fluid -> decrease number of unsaturated fatty acids

32
Q

Spur cell anemia

A

is a type of hemolytic anemia where there are elevated levels of cholesterol in RBC membranes which decreases the fluidity and flexibility so they dont go through capillaries and die in the spleen

33
Q

What 2 things are spur cell anemia associated with?

A

advanced alcoholic cirrhosis and beta lipoproteinemia

Biochem (Midterm) (11 decks)

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