Cell Membrane & Transport Flashcards
What is the Cell Membrane made of? (Each part)
consists of a bilipid layer, made up of two layers of phospholipids with cholesterol intersection between them. Proteins between them as well
What are the two parts of Phospholipids? Which is hydrophilic and which is hydrophobic?
- Phosphate head (hydrophilic-water loving)
- Lipid tail
(hydrophobic-water hating)
Why is Cholesterol important in the cell membrane?
it stabilizes, makes it better at being semi-permeable
What are the Proteins job in the cell membrane?
help transport materials across a membrane
What is Passive Transport?
movement of particles along a concentration gradient (H to L) does NOT require energy
What is Diffusion?
Chemicals move from (H to L)
What is Osmosis?
movement of WATER from (H to L) across a membrane
What is Facilitate Diffusion?
movement of chemicals from (H to L) with the help of a carrier protein or channel protein
What dictates if a cell can move through the concentration gradient without needing to pass through a protein?
- Size of the cell
- If the cell is charged or not
True or False: there are different types of Proteins to transport different substances
True!
What is Active Transport?
moves against a concentration gradient from (L to H) (up the slope) REQUIRES ENERGY! help of a pump protein needed
What is Endocytosis?
movement of particles into a cell
What is Exocytosis?
movement of particles out of the cell
What is something that Endocytosis and Exocytosis have in common?
both move molecules that are too large to move through other processes. Both get energy by using ATP. Both use membrane bound sacs to carry substances in and out of cell
Define Hypotonic. How does this affect the cell?
Solution inside cell has more solute than outside. (cell shrinks)
Define Hypertonic. How does this affect the cell?
solution outside cell has more solute than inside. (cell expands, could burst)
Define Isotonic. How does this affect the cell?
same amount of solute inside cell as outside. (stays the same)
What does it mean when the membrane is semi-permeable?
allows certain substances to pass through it but not others
Why are Cells so small?
They need to be able to get nutrients in and waste out as quickly as possible
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Unicellular vs. Multicellular?
Unicellular don’t live as long, they are smaller therefore they can reproduce faster. Multicellular require more food and energy, can increase in size without limitations
