cell lecture

Question 1

what are the two major divisions of the cell?

Answer 1

cell membrane and cytoplasm

Question 2

what are the major components of the cytoplasm?

Answer 2

cytoskeleton, organelles, and cytosol

Question 3

what are 3 functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 3

1. keeps interior of cell separate from the external world
2. actively regulates which substances enter/exit the cell
3. ___ the cells from other cell structures

Question 4

is the phospholipid bilayer hydrophobic, hydrophillic, or both?

Answer 4

both

Question 5

in general, what is the function of the cholesterol in the cell membrane?

Question 6

what are 3 major components of the cell membrane?

Answer 6

membrane proteins,

Question 7

describe 5 functions of membrane proteins

Question 8

describe three special extensions of the cell membrane that occur on some cells

Question 9

contrast the function of microvilli and cilia

Question 10

what is meant by simple diffusion

Question 11

what types of substances are able to diffuse across the phospholipid bilayer? what
type of substances cannot simply diffuse across?

Question 12

how is facilitated diffusion different from simple diffusion?

Question 13

what are some substances that move via facilitated diffusion?

Answer 13

amino acids and carbs

Question 14

what is the term for the diffusion of water?

Answer 14

osmosis

Question 15

if a living cell is placed in a beaker of plain water, what will happen to the cell? why?

Answer 15

the cell will expand because the water concentration is

Question 16

if a living cell is placed in a beaker of salty water, what will happen to the cell? why?

Answer 16

the cell will shrink because water follows salt

Question 17

what is the fundamental difference between active transport and the other types of
transport we discussed?

Question 18

what is the function of the sodium-potassium exchange pump?

Question 19

what is the cytosol?

Answer 19

the fluid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 20

what makes up the cytoskeleton?

Answer 20

filaments and microtubules

Question 21

what are the three major functions of the cytoskeleton?

Answer 21

supports framework of the cell
strengthen cell and give it shape
help the cells itself move

Question 22

list several of the cells organelles.

Answer 22

golgi
rough and smooth er
mitochondria
vesicles
cell membrane
cytoskeleton

Question 23

what type of cell would be expected to have lots of mitochondria? what is the
function of this organelle?

Answer 23

cells that use a lot of energy like muscle cells. function is to provide energy to cell

Question 24

what is the function of ribosomes? what are the two main places you find them?

Answer 24

function is to found on rough and smooth er and floating free in cytosol

Question 25

what is the function of each rough and smooth er?

Answer 25

rough er- chemically modifies proteins
smooth er- synthesizes lipids

Question 26

whose liver cells would probably have more SER, a child or an alcoholic? why?

Answer 26

alcoholic

Question 27

what are the functions of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 27

proteins are are concentrated and packages into small membraneous sacs called vesicles for transport

Question 28

how does the function of lysosomes differ from that of peroxisomes?

Answer 28

lysosomes- small sacs of digestive enzymes that destroy pathogens and recycle worn out or inactive parts of the cells
peroxisosomes- smaller sacs of enzymes but specialized to break down fatty and amino acids and neutralize hydrogen peroxide via catalase

Question 29

after childbirth a woman’s uterus shrinks (atrophies) dramatically. what organelle is
largely responsible for this shrinkage?

Answer 29

lysosomes

Question 30

describe the structure of the nuclear envelope.

Answer 30

made up of 2 phospholipid bilayers. outer layer merges into the er. pores for rna and protein to pass

Question 31

what are the two major parts of a cell’s life called?

Answer 31

interphase and mitosis

Question 32

what happens during interphase?

Answer 32

prepares for cell division by making more copies of dna and more organelles.

Question 33

what is mitosis? what is the function of mitosis?

Answer 33

original nucleus divides to produce another genetical identical nucleus. function is to make new cells

Question 34

what are the four major phases of mitosis?

Answer 34

interphase prophase metaphase telephase

Question 35

why are spinal cord injuries so permanent?

Answer 35

because nerve cells dont undergo mitosis

Question 36

what types of cells in the body divide especially frequently?

Answer 36

skin and gut cells

Question 37

what’s the difference between a benign and malignant tumor?

Answer 37

benign glows slowly and does not spread
malignant grows fast and easily spreads