Cell Junctions And Adhesion Flashcards
Tight junctions contain the proteins _______ and ________.
Tight jcts serve as both ________ and _________.
Example: ________ __/__ are expressed highly in parts of renal tubules where __ and __ reabsorption take place (via _____ pathway)
-symptoms of mutations in these proteins: ___ serum __, ____ urinary _____, and kidney calcification.
Tight junctions contain the proteins OCCLUDINS and CLAUDINS.
Tight jcts serve as both BARRIERS and PORES.
Example: CLAUDINS 16/19 are expressed highly in parts of renal tubules where CA and MG reabsorption take place (via PARACELLULAR pathway)
-symptoms of mutations in these proteins: LOW serum MG, HIGH urinary CALCIUM, and kidney calcification.
Belt desmosomes play role in _____ ______ and invagination because of component ____ and _____.
The CAM most associated with belt desmosomes are ______, which have 1 _____ domain with large ____ domain which contains __ Ca binding sites.
In order for _____ to make adhesions, they must first form ____ on the ____ membrane, then ______ with _____ on the _____ membrane.
____ interact with ____ cytoskeleton via _____ and _____ proteins.
Loss of _-_____ leads to EMT, which causes metastasis.
Loss of _-____ can lead to hairloss and retinal degeneration.
Belt desmosomes play role in APICAL CONSTRICTION and invagination because of component ACTIN and MYOSIN.
The CAM most associated with belt desmosomes are CADHERINS, which have 1 TRANSMEMBRANE domain with large EXTRACELLULAR domain which contains FOUR Ca binding sites.
In order for CADHERIN to make adhesions, they must first form CIS-HOMODIMER on the SAME membrane, then TRANS-HOMODIMER with CADHERINS on the OTHER CELL membrane.
CADHERINS interact with ACTIN cytoskeleton via CATENINS and PLAKOGLOBIN proteins.
Loss of E-CADHERIN leads to EMT, which causes metastasis.
Loss of P-CADHERIN can lead to hairloss and retinal degeneration.
Spot desmosomes are also known as ______ adherens, they connect to _______ via ______ which contain _____ and _____.
They are also associated with plaques that contain ____, ____, and ____.
They have ____ extracellular domains so cells have easier time finding eachother.
Spot desmosomes are also known as MACULA adherens, they connect to INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS via CADHERINS which contain DESMOGLEIN and DESMOCOLLINS.
They are also associated with plaques that contain DESMOPLAKIN, PLAKOGLOBIN, AND PLAKOPHILIN.
They have LARGE extracellular domains so cells have easier time finding eachother.
Hemidesmosomes are found at the ___ membrane, which connect the cytoskeletal _____ _____ with extracellular adhesion proteins _____ and ____. They are associated with the plaque proteins ______ and ______.
Hemidesmosomes are found at the BASAL membrane, which connect the cytoskeletal INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS with extracellular adhesion proteins INTEGRIN A6B4 and BPAG2. They are associated with the plaque proteins PLECTIN and BPAG1.
Focal adhesions are found on the ____ membrane which connect cytoskeletal _____ with extracellular adhesion protein ____. It’s associated cytoplasmic proteins are ____ and ____.
Focal adhesions are found on the BASAL membrane which connect cytoskeletal ACTIN with extracellular adhesion protein INTEGRIN. It’s associated cytoplasmic proteins are VINCULIN and TALIN.
Blistering diseases:
In pemphigoid blisters, you have problems with ________ because blistering occurs between epidermis and dermis. Example: bullous pemphigoid where ___ are made to target _____.
In pemphigus blisters, you have vesicles forming within epithelial cell layer, so the problem is with _________. Example: pemphigus foliaceus where ___ are formed to target _____.
Blistering diseases:
In pemphigoid blisters, you have problems with HEMODESMOSOMES because blistering occurs between epidermis and dermis. Example: bullous pemphigoid where ABS are made to target BPAG1.
In pemphigus blisters, you have vesicles forming within epithelial cell layer, so the problem is with SPOT DESMOSOMES. Example: pemphigus foliaceus where ABS are formed to target DESMOGLEIN 1.
Gap junctions are made up of _ ______. Their permeability is regulated by things such as ___, ____, ____. It’s a _-pass transmembrane structure with _ _____ ____ which will form interaction with ____ on other cell.
Mutations in ____ __ is expressed in cochlear hair cells and can lead to deafness.
Mutations in ____ __ is expressed in peripheral myelin and can lead to peripheral neuropathies.
Gap junctions are made up of 6 CONNEXINS. Their permeability is regulated by things such as pH, VOLTAGE, CALCIUM. It’s a 4-pass transmembrane structure with 2 EXTRACELLULAR LOOPS which will form interaction with CONNEXIN on other cell.
Mutations in CONNEXIN 26 is expressed in cochlear hair cells and can lead to deafness.
Mutations in CONNEXIN 32 is expressed in peripheral myelin and can lead to peripheral neuropathies.
Selectins are __ dependent and has 2 _____ __ binding domains with _ transmembrane domain. It also has a ____ recognition motif which allows for _____ to other cells.
Has a domain that is homologous to a repeat found in ____.
Selectins are CA dependent and has 2 CA BINDING binding domains with ONE transmembrane domain. It also has a CARBOHYDRATE recognition motif which allows for BINDING to other cells.
Has a domain that is homologous to a repeat found in EGF.
Immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules consist of _ transmembrane domain with variable ______ domain. Examples _____, ____, ____
Can bind in a ___-_____ manner or a ____-____ manner.
Immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecules consist of ONE transmembrane domain with variable EXTRACELLULAR domain. Examples: VCAM, ICAM, NCAM
Can bind in a TRANS-HOMOPHILIC manner or a TRANS-HETEROPHILIC manner.
The neutrophils roll along _____, and need a mechanism to slow them down at area of inflammation. When endothelial cells on the blood vessels are sensing ______, they upregulate their ______ on the endothelilal cell surface, and the _____ will bind to polysacchairdes on _______ surface, which acts as speed bump for leukocyte. Once they slow enough, there are additional signaling processes that occur (_____ signaling) leading to activation of _____ receptors, which causes signal transduction process which activates _____ on the _____ surface (and facilitates breakdown of ____), which bind to __ and ______ on _____ surface (very ____ interaction) which brings leukocytes to a complete stop.
_____ then extend _____ in between _____ cells. ____ ____ get broken down by ____ by the release of ______.
The neutrophils roll along ENDOTHELIA, and need a mechanism to slow them down at area of inflammation. When endothelial cells on the blood vessels are sensing CYTOKINES, they upregulate their P-SELECTINS on the endothelilal cell surface, and the P-SELECTINS will bind to polysacchairdes on LEUKOCYTE surface, which acts as speed bump for leukocyte. Once they slow enough, there are additional signaling processes that occur (CYTOKINE signaling) leading to activation of CYTOKINE receptors, which causes signal transduction process which activates INTEGRIN on the LEUKOCYTE surface (and facilitates breakdown of JCTS), which bind to I and VCAMS on ENDOTHELIAL surface (very STRONG interaction) which brings leukocytes to a complete stop.
LEUKOCYTES then extend LAMELLIPODIUM in between ENDOTHELIAL cells. TIGHT JCTS get broken down by LEUKOCYTES by the release of PROTEASES.
