CELL INJURY & DEATH Flashcards
Describe Reversible Cell Injury.
Impairs cell function but does not cause death
What is Cellular Swelling?
A result of hypoxic cell injury
What is ‘Intracellular Accumulation’?
Abnormal intracellular accumulation of substances
Define ‘Apoptosis’.
Eliminates injured/aged cells, and replaces with new cells
Define ‘Necrosis’.
Cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of a living tissue
Define ‘Gangrene’.
Mass of tissues undergoes Necrosis
Explain the Evolution Theory.
A consequence of natural selection
Explain the Molecular Theory.
A result of gene expression
Explain the Cellular Theory.
Result of free radical damage/apoptosis
Explain the System Theory.
Attributes cellular aging - decline in functions of organ systems
What is ‘Lipofuscin’?
Age spots
List the six causes of cell injury.
- Hypoxia
- Physical Agent
- Radiation
- Chemical
- Biological Agent
- Nutrition Imbalances
Describe Hypoxia.
Most common cell injury from lack of oxygen
Describe injury from Physical Agents.
Injuries from environmental exposure, accidents, physical violence and assault
Explain the damage of a Mechanical Force injury.
Impact of body with another object, splitting or tearing tissue
Explain the damage of a Extreme Temperature injury.
Damage to cells, organelles, and enzymes system
Explain the damage of a Electrical injury.
Disruption of neutral and cardiac impulses
Describe Ionizing Radiation.
Immediately kill cells, interrupt cell replication, and cause genetic mutations - used in treatments of cancer
Describe Ultraviolet Radiation.
Damage to melanin and DNA, causing sunburn and increases risk of skin cancers
Describe Non-ionizing Radiation.
Infrared light, ultrasound, microwave, and laser energy causing vibration and rotation of atoms/molecules (causing hyperthermia)
Describe a Chemical injury.
Drugs, lead and mercury toxicity injury the cell membrane and other structures
Describe injury from Biological Agents.
Viruses and parasites that are able to replicate and continue to produce injurious effects
Describe injury from Nutritional Imbalances.
Nutritional excesses and deficiencies predispose cells to injury
Lack of Vitamin C will cause?
Scurvy - Swollen bleeding gums
