CELL INJURY & DEATH

Question 1

Describe Reversible Cell Injury.

Answer 1

Impairs cell function but does not cause death

Question 2

What is Cellular Swelling?

Answer 2

A result of hypoxic cell injury

Question 3

What is ‘Intracellular Accumulation’?

Answer 3

Abnormal intracellular accumulation of substances

Question 4

Define ‘Apoptosis’.

Answer 4

Eliminates injured/aged cells, and replaces with new cells

Question 5

Define ‘Necrosis’.

Answer 5

Cell death in an organ or tissue that is still part of a living tissue

Question 6

Define ‘Gangrene’.

Answer 6

Mass of tissues undergoes Necrosis

Question 7

Explain the Evolution Theory.

Answer 7

A consequence of natural selection

Question 8

Explain the Molecular Theory.

Answer 8

A result of gene expression

Question 9

Explain the Cellular Theory.

Answer 9

Result of free radical damage/apoptosis

Question 10

Explain the System Theory.

Answer 10

Attributes cellular aging - decline in functions of organ systems

Question 11

What is ‘Lipofuscin’?

Answer 11

Age spots

Question 12

List the six causes of cell injury.

Answer 12

• Hypoxia
• Physical Agent
• Radiation
• Chemical
• Biological Agent
• Nutrition Imbalances

Question 13

Describe Hypoxia.

Answer 13

Most common cell injury from lack of oxygen

Question 14

Describe injury from Physical Agents.

Answer 14

Injuries from environmental exposure, accidents, physical violence and assault

Question 15

Explain the damage of a Mechanical Force injury.

Answer 15

Impact of body with another object, splitting or tearing tissue

Question 16

Explain the damage of a Extreme Temperature injury.

Answer 16

Damage to cells, organelles, and enzymes system

Question 17

Explain the damage of a Electrical injury.

Answer 17

Disruption of neutral and cardiac impulses

Question 18

Describe Ionizing Radiation.

Answer 18

Immediately kill cells, interrupt cell replication, and cause genetic mutations - used in treatments of cancer

Question 19

Describe Ultraviolet Radiation.

Answer 19

Damage to melanin and DNA, causing sunburn and increases risk of skin cancers

Question 20

Describe Non-ionizing Radiation.

Answer 20

Infrared light, ultrasound, microwave, and laser energy causing vibration and rotation of atoms/molecules (causing hyperthermia)

Question 21

Describe a Chemical injury.

Answer 21

Drugs, lead and mercury toxicity injury the cell membrane and other structures

Question 22

Describe injury from Biological Agents.

Answer 22

Viruses and parasites that are able to replicate and continue to produce injurious effects

Question 23

Describe injury from Nutritional Imbalances.

Answer 23

Nutritional excesses and deficiencies predispose cells to injury

Question 24

Lack of Vitamin C will cause?

Answer 24

Scurvy - Swollen bleeding gums

Question 25

Lack of Vitamin B1 (Thymine) will cause?

Answer 25

Beri Beri - Nutrition disorder