Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

POM > Cell injury and fate > Flashcards

Cell injury and fate Flashcards

1
Q

What does lethal mean?

A

Causes cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does sublethal mean?

A

Produces cell injury not amounting to cell death
May be reversible
May progress to cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How do cardio myocytes adapt?

A

When put under pressure it adapts by becoming bigger
This is called hypertrophy
Left ventricle becomes much thicker because of increased work the heart is doing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is infarction?

A

Cell death due to ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What causes cell injury?

A 
Age
Physical agents
Infectious agents
Genetic defects
Chemical agents
Oxygen deprivation
Immunological reactions
Nutritional imbalances
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens in myocardial infarction?

A

Block caused by atheromatous plaque in left coronary artery branch
Heart muscle supplies by arteries dies (O2 deprivation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does cellular response to injury depend on?

A

Type of injury
Duration
Severity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the consequence of a cell injury depend on?

A

Type of cell

Cell status

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 4 intracellular systems are particularly vulnerable?

A

Cell membrane integrity
ATP generation
Protein synthesis
Genetic apparatus integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the major consequences of cell injury?

A

Multiple secondary side effects

Cellular function is lost before cell death occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does atrophy mean?

A

Shrinkage in size of cell/ organ by loss of substance

E.g. neural atrophy in dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Increase in cell size/ organ size

Can be physiological (Occurs in normal healthy people) or pathological (part of disease process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What causes hypertrophy?

A

Caused by increased functional demand or specific hormone stimulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is an example of physiological hypertrophy?

A

Hypertrophy of uterus during pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an example of pathological hypertrophy?

A

Hypertrophy of muscle fibres in response to hypertension or a valve abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

An increase in number of cells in an organ
Physiological or pathological
Physiological hyperplasia can be normal or compensatory
Pathological hyperplasia usually due to excessive hormonal or GH stimulation

17
Q

What is an example of physiological hyperplasia?

A 
Proliferative endometrium (uterus)
After shedding during menstruation cells have to regrow- cell number increases by mitosis
18
Q

What is an example of a pathological hyperplasia?

A

Carcinoma

19
Q

What is metaplasia?

A

A reversible change in which an adult cell type is replaced by another
Can be pathological or physiological

20
Q

What is an example of a physiological metaplasia?

A

Cervix
Columnar epithelium changes from being columnar to squamous due to pH change of vagina- happens in pregnancy
At end of pregnancy new squamous epithelium becomes columnar again

21
Q

What is an example of pathological metaplasia?

A

Barret’s (columnar lined) oesophagus
For reasons such as acid reflux, squamous epithelium becomes columnar
If acid reflux stops it would become squamous again

22
Q

What is dysplasia?

A

Precancerous cells which show genetic and cytological features of malignancy but are not invading underlying tissue

23
Q

What light microscopic changes are associated with reversible injury?

A

Fatty change
Cellular swelling
These are degenerative changes

24
Q

What is an example of fatty change?

A

Alcoholic fatty change

If you drink alcohol you get fatty change and when you stop it goes away

25
Q

What is an example of ballooning degeneration?

A

Theres no fat- you can see the cytoplasm whereas in fat cells you cant see cytoplasm
There are strands of cytoplasm in the cell- this is called ballooning
Balloon degeneration is the swelling of a cell due to protein accumulation due to cell cytoskeleton damage

26
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Confluent cell death associated with inflammation

27
Q

What are the types of necrosis?

A

Coagulative necrosis
Liquefactive necrosis
Caseous necrosis
Fat necrosis

28
Q

What is coagulative necrosis?

A

Structure becomes fixed

29
Q

What is liquefactive necrosis?

A

Tissue becomes liquefied

30
Q

What is caseous necrosis?

A

Means cheesy- oozy and structureless

Occurs in TB

31
Q

What is fat necrosis?

A

Death of fat tissue
Occurs in acute pancreatitis- digestive enzymes become activated in pancreas instead of duodenum and digest tissue around it

32
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death
Not associated with inflammation
Can be physiological unlike necrosis
Its energy dependent (Active unlike necrosis)

33
Q

What are causes of apoptosis?

A

Embryogenesis
Deletion of auto-reactive T cells in thymus
Hormone- dependent physiological involution
cell deletion in proliferating population
variety of injurious stimuli

34
Q

What the difference between necrosis and apoptosis?

A

Apoptosis may be physiological
Apoptosis needs energy
Apoptosis is not associated with inflammation

35
Q

What is necroptosis?

A

Programmed cell death associated with inflammation

Has many causes

POM (48 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions