Cell Injury

Question 1

What is Atrophy?

Answer 1

Shrinkage of cell (or organ) due to loss of cell substance

Question 2

What is hypertrophy?

Answer 2

Increase in size of cells/organs due to physiological/pathological effects.
Caused be either increased function demand or specific hormonal stimulation

Question 3

What is Hyperplasia?

Answer 3

Increase in number of cells in organ, again can be physiological (either hormonal or compensatory) or pathological (due to excessive hormonal or growth factor stimulation)

Question 4

What is metaplasia?

Answer 4

Reversible change in which one adult cell replaced by another due to physiological or pathological causes (e.g. Smokers columnar epithelial changes to squamous, but if stop smoking will return to normal)

Question 5

What is dysplasia?

Answer 5

Precancerous cells showing genetic and cytological features of malignancy without invading underlying tissue; blue is bad, red is dead

Question 6

What is necrosis?

Answer 6

Confluent cell death, associated with inflammation

RUN OUT OF ATP

Question 7

What is coagulative necrosis?

Answer 7

Cell death, but retain shape

e.g. MI

Question 8

What is liquefactive necrosis?

Answer 8

Seen in brain cerebral infarct, cells die and disappear with just liquid remaining

Question 9

What is apoptosis?

Answer 9

Programmed cell death; single cell dies with no inflammation - REQUIRES ATP; small parts of cell bud off without membrane rupture, allowing for phagocytosis by macrophages - do not elicit inflammation/immune response