Cell Injury

Question 1

numerate CAUSES of cell injury.
O2 PC II GN

Answer 1

1- Hypoxia😨. Cause: ischaemia- Inadequate oxygenation (e.g., cardiorespiratory failure)- Loss of oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (e.g. anemia - co poisoning)
2- Physical🌡 eg. heat☀️ - cold❄️ - trauma🤕 - radiation☣️..
3- Chemical☢️ eg. Drugs🚭-poisns🚫-alcohol🥃..
4-Infectious🤢 eg. Bacteria - fungi - parasites..
5-Immunologic🤒 eg. Autoimmune diseases..
6-Genetic👽 eg. chromosomal alterations and specific gene
mutations.
7-Nutritional🥗 eg. ⬇️Prtn-calorie d - ⬇️ specific vitamins.

Question 2

Result of ATP⬇️?

Answer 2

Sodium pump⬇️ ➡️sodium+water influx ➡️🐳swilling of cell.

Question 3

Mechanism of cell injury?

Answer 3

🔴ATP⬇️ ➡️ ⬆️Intracellular NA+ ➡️break down membranes
🔴Free radical peroxidation ➡️ Damage of structures
🔴Disruption of lysosomal membranes✖️➡️release of various enzymes➡️👻 Death of cell

Question 4

Apoptosis control?(inhibitor - activator)

Answer 4

bcl2 protein family control apoptosis,
Caspases Activate.