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Immuno Unit 2 > Cell Immunity 2 > Flashcards

Cell Immunity 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What T cells play an important role in orchestrating the adaptive immune response via secretion of a wide range of cytokines?

A

CD4

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2
Q

What provides B cell help for antibody production that is critical to prevent secondary infection with most viruses?

A

Tfh

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3
Q

what cells direct the differentiation of naive CD4 T cells?

A

DCs

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4
Q

What activates transcriptional regulator NFAT?

A

TCR stimulation and Ca influx

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5
Q

What is T-bet induced by?

A

NFAT

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6
Q

What works cooperatively to fully open up the IFN-gamma gene locus for transcription?

A

Hlx and Tbet

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7
Q

What sequesters GATA-3

A

T bet which prevents Th2 cell development

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8
Q

What does IFN-gamma do?

A

increase expression of IRF-1 and IRF-2 which repress IL-4

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9
Q

The effector activities of Th1 cells is mediated by what?

A

IFN-gamma

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10
Q

What do Th1 cells do?

A

help to activate macrophages to kill intracellular microorganism

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11
Q

Does GATA 3 bind its own promoter?

A

yes as well as for the IL-4 genes

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12
Q

What activates expression of c-MAF?

A

ICOS and ICOSL

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13
Q

What lead to the Th2 differentiation?

A

GATA 3

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14
Q

What does IL-4 do for B cells?

A

growth and differentiation, and secretion of immunoglobulins [IgE]

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15
Q

True or false– IL-4 is an important regulator of mast cell and eosinophil function?

A

True

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16
Q

What does IL-5 do?

A

IgA differentiation and synthesis

also helps regulate eosinophils

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17
Q

What does IL-10 up regulate?

A

MHC class II expression on macrophages

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18
Q

What does IL-10 inhibit?

A

Th1 response

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19
Q

What does IL-4 and IL-13 do to mucosal epithelial cells?

A

increase proliferation and turnover as well as up regulate mucin

20
Q

What does IL-4 and IL-13 do to smooth muscle?

A

Increases contractility

21
Q

What does Th2 cells do to macrophages?

A

alternative activation–exert anti-inflammatory functions and promote tissue remodeling and repair

22
Q

What does IgE bind to? What does it do?

A

Fcepsilon receptors on mast and basophils—->degranulation when cross linked with antigen

23
Q

What happens at T:B cell border of the follicle?

A

CD4 T cells interact with B cells presenting Ag.

24
Q

What do Tfh cells provide?

A

B cell help for antibody production that is critical to prevent secondary infection

25
Q

What cells amplify immune responses mediated by neutrophils?

A

Th17 cells

26
Q

What causes down regulation of Th17 response?

A

Uptake of dead neutrophils by macrophages inhibits IL-23 secretion

27
Q

How are Th17 cells maintained?

A

IL-23 secreted by activated macrophages

28
Q

Why is tight regulation of immune activation necessary?

A

prevent self response
permit immune response to foreign antigens
limit collateral damage

29
Q

What is a Treg?

A

regulatory T cell formed naturally by thymic differentiation [nTreg] or are induced in periphery [iTreg]

30
Q

Can Tregs inhibit early activation events- 6-10 hours?

A

No

31
Q

How do Tregs inhibit proliferation of multiple cell types?

A

prevent IL-2 production

32
Q

What can Tregs do to inhibit on effector functions of lymphocytes ?

A

inhibit cytokine production
inhibit release of granules
inhibit antibody production

33
Q

What are Tregs suppressive cytokines?

A

IL-10, TGF-beta

34
Q

Protective immunity versus Immunopathology Depends on balance between what>?

A

Tregs and Effector T cells

35
Q

What syndrome? x-linked, mutations affecting FoxP3, Treg dysfunction, autoimmunity, early onset males, psoriasiform, eczematous dermatitis, alopecia,

A

Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy X-linked syndrome (Ipex)

Limited success in bone marrow transplants

36
Q

What cytokines to effector cytotoxic CD8 T cells release when encountering infected cells?

A

IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha

37
Q

2 types of cell death?

A

necrosis or apoptosis—-both cleared by phagocytosis

38
Q

Hallmarks of apoptosis?

A

blebbing, chromatin condensation, dna frags.

39
Q

What type of cell death does CD8 T cells induce?

A

apoptosis

40
Q

what molecule is secreted by CD8 that creates pores in cell membranes?

A

perforin

41
Q

What are serene proteases which activate apoptosis once in the cytoplasm?

A

granzymes–cleaves Caspase 3 [released on TCR ligation without recruitment of more production]

42
Q

Do granzymes A,B,H,K have different enzymatic activity?

A

Yes each one is different

43
Q

What protects the CD8 T cell from perforin?

A

Cathepsin B

44
Q

What alternative killing pathway is shared by Th1 and CD8 T cells?

A

Fas/FasL —>caspace cascade and cell death.

45
Q

What inhibits viral replication, increases MHCI expression, activates macrophages?

A

IFN-gamma

46
Q

what cytokine is directly involved in target cell killing and activating macrophages?

A

TNF-alpha

47
Q

What does the dectin receptor recognize?

A

Fungi

Immuno Unit 2 (9 decks)

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