8 Anatomy Adaptive Immune Sys Flashcards
Which cells generate and mature in Thymus?
T cells
Which cells mature in Bone marrow?
All immune cells except T cells
What is the process of T cell purging to avoid autoimmunity called?
Central tolerance
What is the sequence of T cell maturation?
- Hematopoietic stem cell
- Pre-T cell (neg. for all markers)
- CD4/CD8 DP immature T cell (pos. for all markers, this is when purging takes place)
- Mature T cell (with either CD 4, SP, TCR or CD 8, SP, TCR)
What is the difference between the two zones of thymus?
- Cortex has lots early T cells
- Medulla has low density mature T cells
Which bones in the body have active hematopoiesis?
Long bones, pelvis, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, skull (500 billion/day)
What is the sequence of B cell maturation?
- Hematopoietic stem cell
- Pro-B cell
- Pre-B cell w/ cytoplasmic u chains
- Immature B cell w/ surface IgM (at this stage purging takes place)
- Mature B cell w/ surface IgM and IgD
Lymphedema occurs in what conditions we know of?
- Cancer lymph node resection patients
- Elephantitis
What is lymph fluid? How do lymph fluid, cells and particles enter lymphatic ducts? Which immune cells return to lymph nodes by following this path?
- Fluid hydrostatically forced out of capillary beds
- Thru 1-way ducts
- Dendritic cells and lymphocytes
Asplenic people are susceptible to what?
Blood-borne infections
Which Ab’s does MALT secrete? What is MALT’s “main function”?
- IgA
- Generate T and B cell response to antigens that penetrate mucosal barriers
Name the 5 main tissues of MALT?
- Waldeyer’s ring
- iBALT
- GALT (Peyer’s)
- GALT (appendix/colorectal lymphoid)
- Genitourinary & mammary
B cells migrate to follicles due to what signal and receptor?
- CXCL13 by follicular Dendritic Cells
- CXCR5 on B cells
T cells migrate to T cell zones (in lymphoid organs) due to what signal and receptor?
- CCL19 and CCL21 by reticular cells
- CCR7 on T cells
High Endothelial Venules are for what?
- Blood-borne lymphocytes to enter secondary lymphoid tissues (“Transmigration”)
- Recall the receptors on lymphocytes are called integrins and selectins. The ligands are on the venule. This is SAME process that happens at inflammation sites.
Which cells can be created from both myeloid AND lymphoid lineages?
Dendritic cells
What are the secondary lymphoid organs?
- lymph nodes & ducts
- spleen (reticulo-endothelial system)
- MALT, GALT, etc.
- (Densen also calls liver (reticulo-endothelial system) and lungs secondary lymphoid organs)
What is the function of secondary lymphyoid organs?
Concentrate antigens and lymphocytes together
T/F the area drained by the right lymphatic duct includes the right arm?
True. (and right chest and head)
T/F Some antigens flow to lymph nodes in free-form state?
True (and some on antigen presenting cells)
State the areas of lymph node and which cells reside in which area.
- Primary and Secondary Follicles: B cells (mneumonic “Bad Follicles”, because they are bad for invaders)
- Secondary follicle: same as a primary follicle but w/ a germinal center in it
- Medullary Cords: Macrophages and Plasma cells (mneumonic “M&P for MC”, it rhymes)
- Paracortical area: T cells (mneumonic: Paracortical is the only lymph node area w/ a “T” in the word)
Asplenic individuals are susceptible to what?
Blood-borne infections (filters blood for damaged, old, and foreign cells. Memory helper: Notice these are the same functions as a macrophage has, because macrophages are what line the cords)
Red pulp does what? Where do red pulp cords lead?
- Filtering (cords/strands lined w/ macrophages)
- Into venules
White pulp does what? What are its zones?
- Immunity
- PALS (Peri-arteriolar lymphatic sheath), T cell zone, B cell zone (follicle), and marginal zone outside the PALS
