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immuno unit 2 > 15 Interactions in Adaptive Immunity > Flashcards

15 Interactions in Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What conditions the adaptive response to antigens?

A

The innate immune system

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2
Q

Which cells have memory?

A

T(TCR-MHC/peptide)
B (Ab-Ag)
NK (short memory only)

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3
Q

What cells “orchestrate” adaptive immunity?

A

T and B cells

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4
Q

T/F Most pathogens never activate the adaptive immune response?

A

True

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5
Q

How long does adaptive immunity take on first encounter? Second encounter?

A
  • About 5 days to kick into gear

- Shorter

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6
Q

Over the time course of a virus infection, what cytokines are released in the first few days? What are the first immune CELLS that begin to attack? What cells then take over?

A
  • IFN-alpha, IFN-Beta, TNF-alpha, IL-12
  • NK’s
  • T cells
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7
Q

How does a host cell sense virus nucleic acids?

A
  • TLR 3,7,8,9
  • RIG-I
  • MDA5
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8
Q

Over the time course of a virus infection, in early-stage, what actions does the host take?

A
  • 2’-5’-linked adenosine oligomers and kinase PKR
  • Up MHC 1 expression, antigen presentation, and chemokines
  • Activate DC’s, macrophages, NK’s
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9
Q

What is a T cell doubling time? How many cells can one naïve T cell produce in a week?

A
  • 5-6 hours (about same as B cell germinal centers, fastest mammalian)
  • 10,000
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10
Q

What third signal molecule is released to promote T cell survival during the proliferation phase?

A

-Bcl-2

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11
Q

What cytokines can provide signal 3?

A

IL-2,4,6,12,

IFN alpha or beta or gamma

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12
Q

What happens to an immune response without signal 3?

A

Some proliferation then dies off and produces tolerance (NOT immunity or memory)

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13
Q

About how long after initial infection does the immune contraction phase begin?

A

10 days (NOT based off clearance of infection)

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14
Q

Which cells expand more, CD 4 or CD 8?

A

CD8

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15
Q

T cells exhibit changes in receptors when they are naïve versus mature effectors. What are the only 2 receptors that are high in the mature stage?

A
  • LFA-1, IFN-gamma (adhesion and effector) are high in mature, low in naive.
  • All the rest are low in maturity and high in naive cells such as homing, chemokine, and cytokines.
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16
Q

Why are different receptors expressed in mature versus naive immune cells?

A

So they can leave secondary lymphoid organs & travel thru blood to inflamed tissues.

17
Q

What actions do T cells take against a virus?

A
  • CD4 & CD8 Produce IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha
  • CD 4’s Amplify Ab and CD8 response
  • CD8’s use perforin/granzyme and CD95(Fas)/CD95L(FasL) to kill
18
Q

Which CD 4 T cell plays the most central role in host defense?

A

Th1

19
Q

IL-2 is associated most with which cells?

A

-CD8s

20
Q

IL-4 is associated most with which cells?

A

-Th2’s and B cells

21
Q

T/F a vaccine is almost fully cleared by the body before the adaptive immune response comes into effect?

A

True

22
Q

T/F Different people take different amounts of time to mount an immune response?

A

True

23
Q

What happens to the adaptive immune response without Bim?

A

Contraction phase never occurs, and we are stuck with thousands of T cells. Bim induces apoptosis.

24
Q

T/F second infection of the same pathogen mounts stronger and faster response than the first time?

A

True

25
Q

What molecule presents on a T cell indicates it is exhausted? What cell contains this receptor?

A
  • PD-1

- Antigen-presenting cells

26
Q

Why does exhaustion occur? What is the difference between an exhausted cell and a normal one?

A
  • To prevent host self-destruction

- It won’t release as much cytokines and its cytotoxicity is reduced

27
Q

As T cells move from functional to exhausted to deleted, describe the levels of the following things:
-Antigen load, PD-1 expression, CD4 help, cytokine levels

A
  • Low to High
  • Low to High
  • High to Low
  • High to Low
28
Q

What happens if PD-1/PD-L signaling is blocked?

A

T cell is re-invigorated

29
Q

Signal 3 for T cell activation includes which 4 cytokines?

A

INF alpha, beta, gamma

IL 12

30
Q

The FAS/FASL killing pathway is done by which cells?

A

CD 8 cells and helper T cells

31
Q

What does BiM control?

A

CD 4 and CD 8 contraction

immuno unit 2 (9 decks)

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