Cell Growth and Neoplasia Flashcards
What three types of tissues are normally found in adults?
- Non-dividing tissues
- Quiescent tissues
- Continuously dividing tissues
Hyperplasia and metaplasia may be associated with an increased risk of what?
Neoplasia
What are two examples of metaplasia?
- Columnar cells changing to squamous cells in the bronchus
2. Squamous cells changing to columnar cells (Barrett esophagus)
Define: neoplasia
Progressive, unchecked increase in cell number
True or False: neoplasia is generally pathologic and irreversible
True
What does tumor mean?
Swelling
What is the cell-autonomous and cell nonautonomous mechanisms/
Cell-autonomous- genes
Cell-nonautonomous- changes in micro and macroenvironment
Benign neoplasms vs. Malignant neoplasms
Benign neoplasms
- Do not invade or metastasize
- Cause injury largely by compression/ interference in function of adjacent structures
- Necrosis uncommon
- Well differentiated
- Slow growing
- Uniform
Malignant neoplasms
- Invade and metastasize
- “CANCER”
- Cause injury both by local tissue destruction and distant dissemination and tissue destruction
- Necrosis common
- Variable differentiation
- More turn over
- Not uniform
- Invade tissue
A classification ending with an -oma usually indicates the neoplasia is ________
benign
A classification ending with carcinoma, or sarcoma usually indicates the neoplasia is _______.
Malignant
What is the most common form of cancer?
Basal cell benign cancer
What are some non-genetic factors that influence cancer etiology?
Age Lifestyle/environment Occupational hazard Radiation Infection (HPV) Inflammation
Can cancer be heritable?
Yes. through mutations through oncogens and tumor suppressor genes.
Ex: Retinoblastoma
Do cancer cells change over time?
Yes, this is what can make them so hard to treat
What are the most common cancers?
Carcinomas
