Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Cell Features > Flashcards

Cell Features Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe DNA in prokaryotes

A
  • Short circular molecule of DNA, not associated with protein and found in cytoplasm
  • Carries genetic code for proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the cell wall in prokaryotes

A
  • Contains murein, a glycoprotein, or peptidoglycan
  • Prevents osmotic lysis. Rigid, for strengthening
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the cytoplasm in prokaryotes

A
  • Solution where many dissolved molecules are found, no membrane bound organelles
  • Site of many metabolic reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe the cell surface membrane in prokaryotes

A
  • Controls passage of substances across exchange surfaces by passive or active transport
  • Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the ribosomes in prokaryotes

A
  • Small ‘70S’ structures in cytoplasm
  • Protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe the flagellum in prokaryotes

A
  • Thin rotating fibre
  • Responsible for movement of cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the plasmids in prokaryotes

A
  • One or more small loops of DNA that can replicate individually
  • Can pass on genetic information via conjugation to other bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the capsule in prokaryotes

A
  • Extra slime layer outside cell wall
  • Protects from dessication, phagocytosis and some pathogens
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the plasma membrane in eukaryotes

A
  • Made of phospholipid bilayer and embedded proteins on surface of cell and some organelles
  • Selectively permeable, allows cell identification
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the nucleus in eukaryotes

A

Contains chromosomes which are long linear DNA molecules, surrounded by nuclear envelope, containing some nucleoli
- Contains genetic code
- Nucleoli manufacture proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the mitochondria in eukaryotes

A
  • Surrounded by 2 membranes, inner membrane folds forming cristae
  • Fluid inside called matrix
  • Contains circular DNA
  • Produces ATP from aerobic respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum in eukaryotes

A
  • Series of tubes in cytoplasm, with many ribosomes attached
  • Synthesis and transport of proteins through cytoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the ribosomes in eukaryotes

A
  • Small ‘80S’ organelles made up of rNA and proteins
  • Protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes

A
  • A series of tubes in cytoplasm of cell, with no ribosomes attached
  • Synthesises and transports lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the golgi apparatus in eukaryotes

A
  • Stack of flattened sacs with vesicles continually budding off
  • Processes and modifies proteins and sends them off in vesicles
  • Forms lysosomes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the lysosomes in eukaryotes

A
  • Golgi vesicle containing hydrolytic enzymes known as lysozymes
  • Digests unwanted material inside the cell
17
Q

Describe the cell wall in plants

A
  • Made of cellulose providing high tensile strength preventing osmotic lysis
  • Cell walls in fungi are made from chitin
18
Q

Describe the vacuole in plants

A
  • Filled with cell sap
  • Provides rigidity
19
Q

Describe the chloroplasts in plants

A
  • Site of photosynthesis
20
Q

Describe the envelope in chloroplasts

A
  • Double membrane surrounding the organelle
21
Q

Describe the granum in chloroplasts

A
  • Stack of membrane bound discs called thylakoids which contain chlorophyll
  • Provides a large surface area to maximise rate of photosynthesis
22
Q

Describe the stroma in chloroplasts

A
  • Contains enzymes needed for photosynthesis and stores starch grains
  • Almost like a cytoplasm
23
Q

Describe the ribosomes in eukaryotes

A
  • Small ‘70S’ organelles
24
Q

Describe the DNA in chloroplasts

A
  • Short circular and not associated with proteins
25
Q

Describe Viruses

A
  • Acellular
  • Non-living
  • Attach to a host cell and uses its systems to replicate
26
Q

Descrive the features of a virus

A
  • Genetic material is either DNA or rNa
  • Capsid is a protein coat
  • Attachment proteins allow the virus to attach to a host cell (complementary to receptors on host cell)
27
Q

What is rNA

A

Single stranded DNA with different bases. Is not permanent

Biology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions