Cell Energy Continued (semester 2) Flashcards
Catabolic Pathways
(Energy, cells, bonds)
Release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules
Used by both plants and animals to release E
carbon-carbon bonds are broken down to release E to be used to create phosphate - phosphate bonds
Complex molecules are essentially…
Complex molecules = organic molecules = monomers
Catabolic pathways directly perform cellular work (True or False)
FALSE
they do NOT directly perform cellular work, they are coupled with ATP synthesis
Digestion in Animals
animals consume nutrient polymers (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins)
digestion is the breakdown of polymers
(broken down through hydrolysis and additives to increase SA - teeth, stomach acid)
End product of digestion = Monomers + heat
Digestion is the breakdown of _____
POLYMERS
How are polymers broken down in digestion?
Through hydrolysis and additives used to increase SA (teeth + stomach acid)
What is the end product of digestion?
MONOMERS + HEAT
trophic levels are the reason/ explanation
Why are monomers able to be absorbed by plant and animal cells?
Contain c-c bonds, are small, permeable to cell membranes
Monomers in Eukaryotes are…
absorbed by plant/ animal cells and used to create new species of polymers OR broken down via cellular respiration or fermentation to synthesize ATP
Polymers are broken down with ____ or _____
cellular respiration or fermentation
Cellular respiration
Aerobic, requires O2
(readily available in tissues, most common & efficient coupling especially in animals)
much more common
Fermentation
Anaerobic, does not require O2
If an organism is aerobic it….
Requiring oxygen to survive
Cellular respiration is more efficient because…
per monomer there is more ATP being created then with fermentation
Cellular Respiration
metabolic pathway that couples the breakdown of monomers to the phosphorylation of ADP (ATP synthesis) in the presence of O2
in both plant/animal cells
aerobic process
requires a mitochondria
