cell energy Flashcards
how do you calculate enthalpy (H)
H = G + TS
Change in Enthalpy = change in Gibb’s + temperature * change in entropy
whaat is a thermdynamically favourable reactions called
exergonic as change in Gibb’s energy is -ve
what is a thermodynaimaclly unfavourable reaction called
endergonic as change in Gibb’s is +ve
how much energy is released from the hydrolysis of ATP
31kJ
name the enzyme which catalyses the two coupled reactions
kinase
where does oxidative phosphorylation take place in eukaryotes
inner mitochondrial membrane
where does oxidative hosphorylation take place in prokaryotes
cell membrane
describe the outer membrane of mitochondria
- smooth
- inelastic
- freely permeable to small molecules (salts, sugars, short chain carboxylic acids, ATP/ADP, NAD+/NADH
describe the inner membrane of mitochondria
- folds called ‘cristae’
- inner surface covered in bumps called elementary particles
- permeable to a few compounds (urea, glycerol, short chain carboxylic acids)
- enzymes for electron transport embedded in membrane
describe the inter membrane space
- fluid filled matrix which contains enzymes for TCA cycle and beta oxidation and mitochondrial DNA + RNA
what is the electrode potential
the tendency to gain or lose electrons measured in volts relative to H
give the equation relating to electrode potential, number of electrons transferred, Faraday’s constant and Gibbs free energy
delta G = -nFdeltaE
name 4 coenzymes which are hydrogen carriers, in the respiratory chain
Coenzyme Q - CoQ/CoQH2
Flavin adenine dinucleotide - FAD/FADH2
Flavin mononucleotide - FMN/FMNH2
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - NAD+/NADH+H+
the oxidation of NADH+H+ through the respiratory chain generates sufficient energy to synthesis how many ATP/mole
3 ATP/mole
the oxidation of FADH2 through the respiratory chain generates sufficient energy to synthesise how many ATP/mole
2 ATP/mole
name 4 inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation and the stages they affect
Antimycin A - inhibits ETC at complex III
Cyanide - inhibits cytochrome oxidase in final stage of ETC
Carbon monoxide - inhibits cytochrome oxidase in final stage of ETC
Oligomycin - inhibits link between ETC and phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
