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cells and biomolecules > amino acids and proteins > Flashcards

amino acids and proteins Flashcards

1
Q

what % of dry weight of most cells do proteins make up

A

30-50%

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2
Q

what atoms do amino acids usually contain

A

C, H, O, N, and occasionally S

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3
Q

what is the general structure of an amino acid

A

H2N-CRH-COOH

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4
Q

WHAT IS PHYSIOLOGICAL pH

A

pH 7.4

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5
Q

what is pKa

A

the pH at which there are an equal number of charged and uncharged versions of an ionisable chemical group

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6
Q

what is the pKa of a carboxylic acid

A

pH 2.3

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7
Q

what is the pKa of an amino group

A

pH 9.0

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8
Q

what happens when the pH is increased from the pKa

A

the chemical group is going to become deprotonated so it will lose a H

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9
Q

what happens when the pH is decreased from the pKa

A

the chemical group will be protonated

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10
Q

what side chain property is non-polar

A

hydrocarbon chains or rings

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11
Q

what are the side side chain properties of polar but uncharged

A

contain hydroxyl or amide groups

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12
Q

what are the side chain properties polar acidic

A

contain carboxylic acid groups - negatively charged at physiological pH

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13
Q

what are the side chain properties of polar basic

A

contains basic groups which are positively charged at physiological pH

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14
Q

what is the bond which joins two amino acids together

A

peptide bond

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15
Q

what is the primary structure

A

amino acid sequence of the polypeptide

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16
Q

what is the secondary structure

A

alpha helix + beta sheet due to hydrogen bonds associated with the peptide bond

17
Q

what is the secondary structure

A

alpha helix + beta sheet due to hydrogen bonds associated with the peptide bond

18
Q

what is the tertiary structure

A

3D structure of folded secondary structure held by interactions between R-groups

19
Q

what is the quaternary structure

A

association of one or more polypeptide chains held by interactions between R-groups

20
Q

what is a fibrous protein

A
  • protein that isn’t folded into a tertiary structure (collagen)
  • usually have a quarteranry structure
  • low water solubility
  • structural function
21
Q

what is a globular protein

A
  • polypeptide chain is folded into a tertiary structure
  • may or may not have a quaternary structure
  • complex tertiary structure
  • has a specific shape
  • allows recognition of + binding to other molecules
  • catalysts / transport
22
Q

how are proteins held in suspension with water

A

through hydrogen bonds

23
Q

what affects the solubility of a protein

A

disrupting H bonds interactions q

24
Q

what affects protein solubility

A
  • iso-electric point
  • ionic strength of environment
  • heavy metals
  • organic acids
  • dielectric constant

cells and biomolecules (6 decks)

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