carbohydrates Flashcards
what do carbohydrates function as, eg.
1. starch in plants / glycogen in animals
2. cellulose in plant cell wall / chitin in insects
3. infection + antibodies
4. intermediates / energy substrates
- an energy store
- structural
- cell recognition
- metabolism
what are monosaccharides
single sugars
what are oligosaccharides
2-10 (or 20) residues
what are polysaccharides
> 20 residues
how are monosaccharides are classified
according to the number of C atoms
and whether an aldehyde (aldose) or ketone (ketose)
give the general formula for glucose
C6H12O6
what are suffix endings for aldose
-ose
what is the suffix ending for ketose
-ulose
what is an epimer
different compounds with the same molecular formula that differ in configuration by only one carbon
how are epimers named
due to which carbon the change in configuration happens on
eg. C4 epimer
what does intramolecular mean
taking place within the same molecule
eg. hydroxyl group reacting with a carbonyl group
what does anomeric C mean
a carbon that is bonded to 2 oxygen atoms
how do you determine whether the sugar is alpha or beta
Give the acronym
if the -OH group is attached to the anomeric C1 below the ring = alpha
if the -OH group is attached to the anomeric C1 above the ring = beta
ABBA = Alpha Below Beta Above (the anomeric carbon)
what are alpha and beta structures called
anomers
what is the most abundant monosaccharide
aldose
