Cell division quiz Flashcards
Somatic cells
Body cells —> liver, uterus, skin, nerve, testes stomach, eye, etc.
Gametes
Sex cells —–> egg and sperm only
Chromosomes
DNA wrapped around proteins (histones)
DNA
instructions for protein syntheses
Chromatids
identical parts of a replicated chromosome. Single and double are both chromosomes
What each chromosome contains
each contains an identical, double helix of DNA
Centromere
attaches “sister chromatids” together
Genes defenition
Carry the code for making specific proteins
Each gene
has a specific sequence (order) of nucleotides that determines the order of amino acids in a protein
Allele
different versions of a single gene
Dominant allele (Capital letter)
codes for a functional protein
Recessive allele (same letter lowercase)
Codes for a non-functional protein
Homozygous
2 of the same alleles EX: AA, aa
Heterozygous (hybrid)
2 different alleles EX: Aa 50% of normal functioning protein
Homozygous dominant
AA —> functional proteins supply the dominant physical trait
Homologous chromosomes
Matching chromosomes inherited from each parent
- have the same genes at the same locations bu possibly different alleles.
Haploid cell
A cell containing one of each type of chromosome EX: gametes
Diploid cell
A cell containing homologous chromosomes (2 of each type)
example of diploids
-somatic cells
-germ cells or primary sex cells, –the zygote
Interphase (G1, G2, S)
period between cell divisions
Cell division (M phase)
Mitosis and Cytokinesis
G1
cell growth, organelle synthesis, and SPECIFIC life functions
S
DNA replication, histones synthesis, (formation of sister chromatid)
G2
Centriole duplication, proteins form for microtubule formation, final prep for division
