Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Science Gr10 - Rai > Cell Division & Mitosis > Flashcards

Cell Division & Mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

Two main reasons cells divide

A

1 - If a cell grows to large, it will have trouble moving enough nutrients and wastes across the cell membrane

2 - The larger a cell b ecomes, the more demands the cell places on its DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is cell division?

A

the process by which cellular material is divided between two new daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

___ mother cell = ___ daughter cells

A

1 mother cell = 2 daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The two daughter cells will be _________ to eachother and to the mother cell

A

The two daughter cells will be IDENTICAL to eachother and to the mother cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Each daughter cell is ____ the size of the parent cell, but immediately begins growing.

A

Each daughter cell is HALF the size of the parent cell, but immediately begins growing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How many meters of DNA does a typical human cell have?

A

2 meters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

before a cell divides all the DNA must be..

A

COPIED, and then the two copies separated so that each daughter cell ends up with a COMPLETE SET OF DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

True or false? Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in each cell nucleus

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many chromosomes does a human?

A

humans have 23 pairs or 46.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Each cell must first copy its ________
before cell division occurs. Each daughter cell gets a complete copy of that information.

A

chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two main stages of cell division?

A

Mitosis

Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The division of the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Cytokinesis

A

The division of the cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The chromosomes are not visible expect during…

A

The chromosomes are not visible except during CELL DIVISION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

At the beginning of cell division, the chromosomes ___________________________________

A

condense into compact, visible structures that are easily seen with a microscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Well before cell division takes place, each chromosome is __________ and __________

A

replicated and copied

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

At the beginning of cell division, each chromosome consists of __________

A

two identical “sister chromatids”.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the area of where two identical “sister chromatids” are connected?

A

A centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Replicated chromosome consists..

A

of 2 sister chromatids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is a cell cycle?

A

The series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide.

The cell cycle is the life of the cell from the time it is first formed from a dividing parent cell until its own division into two cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happenes during the cell cycle? (3 steps)

A
  1. The cell grows.
  2. The cell prepares for division.
  3. The cell divides to form two daughter cells.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 5 major phases of cell cycle?

A

1.) G1 [ First gap ]
2.) S [ Synthesis ]
3.) G2 [ Second gap ]
4.) Mitosis
5.) Cytokinesis

TWO NEW CELLS ARE THEN PRODUCED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

Mitosis is the division of the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is Cytokinesis?

A

Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Before a Cell Can Begin Mitosis and Actually Divide, It Must:
1. It must form duplicates of its chromosomes. 2. It must produce a supply of organelles for the two daughter cells. These preparations occur during the G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle. These three (G1, S, and G2) are collectively known as interphase.
26
What is interphase?
G1 S G2
27
G1 Phase
a) The cell doubles in size. b) The enzymes, cytoplasmic organelles and other molecules double in number.
28
S phase
Replication of DNA occurs.
29
G2 Phase
The cell assembles the special structures needed for cell division
30
When interphase (G1, S, G2) is complete.....
the cell is ready to begin the process of cell division.
31
What accounts for 90% of the cell cycle?
Interphase
32
Mitosis has ____ stages...
Mitosis has 4 stages: Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
33
During Interphase..
Nucleus - well definied & bounded by nuclear membrane Outside nucleus are two CENTRIOLES
34
What are the functions of centrioles during interphase
-organize the microtubules into a spindle. They will begin to move apart as spindle microtubules grow out of them.
35
Early Prophase
The chromosomes coil and thicken and become distinct from one another. The chromosomes are now visible. The nucleoulus disappears Each half of the double chromosome is a CHROMATID The chromatids are connected by a CENTROMERE The CENTRIOLES separate and start moving to opposite ends of the cell. A SPINDLE made of MICROTUBLES begins to form.
36
The chromosomes coil and thicken and become distinct from one another. The chromosomes are now visible.
Early Prophase
37
The nucleolus disappears
Early Prophase
38
EARLY PROPHASE - Each half of the double chromosome is a __________.
Chromatid
39
EARLY PROPHASE - The chromatids are connected by a ___________.
centromere
40
EARLY PROPHASE - The ____________ separate and start moving to opposite ends of the cell.
CENTRIOLES
41
EARLY PROPHASE - A __________ made of ____________ begins to form.
SPINDLE MICROTUBLES
42
The _________________ fragments and the microtubules invade the nuclear area. The spindle is completely formed.
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE (LATE PROPHASE)
43
The spindle is a structure that will help to _______________________. During prophase the pairs of __________ become attached to the fibers of the spindle.
SEPERATE THE CHROMOSOMES CHROMOTIDS (LATE PROPHASE)
44
The centrioles have moved to the opposite poles, forming the spindle as they go.
LATE PROPHASE
45
The centrioles are now at opposite sides of the cell
METAPHASE
46
The spindle fibers will push and pull the chromosomes.
METAPHASE
47
The chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.
METAPHASE
48
Each chromosome is connected to a spindle fiber at its centromere.
METAPHASE
49
The centromeres divide and the chromatids move to opposite sides of the cell.
ANAPHASE
50
The microtubules begin to shorten and this pulls the chromatids apart to opposite sides of the cell.
ANAPHASE
51
Chromatids are being pulled to opposite sides of the cell.
ANAPHASE
52
Shortening of the microtubules
ANAPHASE
53
By the end of anaphase, the two ends of the cell have equivalent and complete sets of chromosomes.
ANAPHASE
54
Nuclear membrane begins to form.
TELOPHASE
55
The cell begins to pinch in. This is called a cleavage furrow.
TELOPHASE
56
Nucleolus returns.
TELOPHASE
57
cleavage furrow
TELOPHASE
58
Nuclear membrane is returning.
TELOPHASE
59
The end result is two cells that are exact copies of each other.
TELOPHASE
60
At the end of mitosis, __________ have been formed. Each nucleus has an identical set of _____________.
TWO NUCLEI CHROMOSOMES (CYTOKINESIS)
61
__________ is: the division of the cytoplasm
CYTOKINESIS
62
______________ usually occurs at the same time as telophase.
CYTOKINESIS
63
In animal cells, a cleavage furrow pinches the cell membrane inward until the cell is pinched into two separate cells. Each new cell contains its own _____________
CYTOKINESIS IN ANIMAL CELLS nucleus, cytoplasm, and organelles.
64
Cytokinesis in plant cells
In plants, it is not possible for the cell to pinch inward because of the rigid cell wall
65
In plants, a ______ forms midway between the two nuclei. The _______ continues to form across the cell until two separate cells have been formed.
CELL PLATE
66
______ takes between 30 minutes and 2 hours
Mitosis
67
1 mother = 2 daughter cells
Mitosis
68
The two daughter cells are identical to the mother cell.
Mitosis
69
Results of Mitosis
In unicellular plants and animals, it results in new offspring by asexual reproduction. In multicellular organisms, it results in the growth and repair of the organism.
70
|
The two new cells are exact duplicates. Insures that the new cells will be able to carry on the same functions as the mother cell.
71
The frequency of cell division varies with the _____________
type of cell
72
_________ divide frequently throughout our lives.
SKIN CELLS
73
___________ maintain the ability to divide but only do so on rare occasion - say to repair a wound.
LIVER CELLS
74
The most specialized cells, such as ______ cells and _______ cells, do not divide at all.
MUSCLE CELLS & NERVE CELLS
75
When cells come into contact with other cells, they respond by _______
NOT GROWING
76
When an injury, like a cut in the skin occurs, the cells at the edge of the injury begin to __________
DIVIDE RAPIDILY
77
When the healing process nears completion, the rate of cell division __________________
SLOWS DOWN
78
There are many __________ found on the inside and the outside of the cell that regulate cell division.
PROTIENS
79
Some of these __________ are responsible for starting and stopping cell division. Other __________ seem to speed up or slow down the cell division process.
PROTIENS
80
These proteins send out __________ that prevent excessive cell growth.
SIGNALS
81
Cancer all have 1 thing in common
The protein regulators that control the cell cycle have failed to do their job.
82
Mitosis Stages
Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokenesis
83
84

Science Gr10 - Rai (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions