CELL DIVISION (MEIOSIS)

Question 1

HUMAN HAS HOW MANY SETS OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES?

Answer 1

23 SETS OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

Question 2

EACH HOMOLOGOUS SET IIS MADE UP OF ?

Answer 2

2 HOMOLOGOUS

Question 3

21ST SET ADDITIONAL IS CONSIDERED AS ?

Answer 3

DOWN SYNDROME OR OTHER.

Question 4

IN HUMANS THE “___ ___” ARE THE 23RD SET

Answer 4

SEX CHROMOSOMES

Question 5

> IS A TYPE OF CELL DIVISION THAT REDUCES THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN THE PARENT CELL BY HALF AND PRODUCES FOUR (4) GAMETE CELLS (HAPLOID).
THIS PROCESS IS REQUIRED TO PRODUCE EGG AND SPERM CELLS
IN MOST ORGANISMS, TWO SETS OF CHROMOSOMES (DIPLOAD) ARE REDUCED TO ONE SET (HAPLOID).

Answer 5

MEIOSIS

Question 6

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES IN THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES BETWEEN MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS?

Answer 6

START (MITOSIS)        START (MEIOSIS)
>46                             >46
END (MITOSIS            END (MEIOSIS)
>46 >46                      >23   >23
                             >23  >23 >23 >23
DIPLOAD                    HAPLOID

PLODY
>DIPLOAD (2n)
>23 CHROMOSOMES (46)
>HAPLOID (1n)
>SINGLE SETS CHROMOSOMES (23)

Question 7

THIS PHASE FOCUS ON THE CELL GROWTH AND REPLICATION.

Answer 7

G1 OR GAP 1 PHASE

Question 8

DNA REPLICATION.

Answer 8

S OR SYNTHESIS

Question 9

CELL UNDERGOES THE FINAL PREPARATIONS.

Answer 9

G2 OR GAP 2 PHASE

Question 10

> A.K.A REDUCTION OR HETEROTYPIC DIVISION
REDUCES THE CHROMOSOMES NUMBER IN THE DAUGHTER CELLS.
HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES ARE PRESENT AT THE BEGINNING.
A COMPLEX DIVISION AND TAKES MORE TIME.
PRECEDED BY INTERPHASE.

Answer 10

MEIOSIS I

Question 11

STAGE OF PROPHASE I

Answer 11

>LEPTOTENE
>ZYGOTENE
>PACHYTHENE
>DIPLOTENE
>DIAKINESIS

Question 12

CHROMOSOMES START TO CONDESE AND BECOMES VISIBLE (SISTER CHROMATIDS).

Answer 12

LEPTOTENE

Question 13

SYNAPTOMENAL COMPLEX FORM AND MEDIATE SYNAPSIS.

Answer 13

ZYGOTENE

Question 14

IT IS A PROCESS BY WHICH REPLICATED HOMOLOGOUS PAIR OR CHROMOSOMES COMES TOGETHER.

Answer 14

SYNAPSIS

Question 15

CROSSING OVER OCCUR

Answer 15

PACHYTENE

Question 16

HOMOLOGOUS PAIRS REMAIN ATTACHED AT “CHIASMATA”.

Answer 16

DIPLOTENE

Question 17

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE DISINTEGRATES PRIOP METAPHASE I.

Answer 17

DIAKINESIS

Question 18

PROPHASE I >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 18

> CHROMOSOMES ARE NOW VISIBLE
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND NUCLEOLUS COMPLETELY DISINTEGRATED.
SPINDLE FIBERS ARE ATTACHED TO THE TETRADS.
TETRADS START TO MOVE TO THE MEMBRANE.

Question 19

METAPHASE I >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 19

> NUCLEAR MEMBRANE ARE COMPLETELY DISINTEGRATED.
CENTROSOMES ARE NOW ON THE OPPOSIT POLE.
TETRADS OR SISTER CHROMOSOMES ARE ALIGNED TO THE METAPHASE PLATE (OR AT THE EQUATOR OF THE CELL).

Question 20

ANAPHASE I >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 20

> SPINDLE FIBERS PULL APART THE SISTER CHROMOSOMES (OR HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES).
SISER CHROMATIDS ARE STILL ATTACHED TO THE CENTROMERE.

Question 21

TELOPHASE I >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 21

> SISTER CHROMATIDS ARE NOW ON THE OPPOSITE POLE STARTING TO DECONDENSE.
NUCLEAR MEMBRANE AND NUCLEOLUS REAPPEAR.
FORMATION OF CLEAVAGE FURROW.
SPINDLE FIBERS DISAPPEAR.

Question 22

MEIOSIS I & CYTOKINESIS >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 22

> TWO CYTOPLASM OF THE CELL SPLIT INTO TWO, MAKING TWO NEW CELLS (23n(.
MEIOSIS I PRODUCES DAUGTHER CELLS THAT ARE NOT IDENTICAL.

Question 23

> THE CYTOPLASM OF THE CELL SPLIT INTO TWO, MAKING TWO NEW CELLS (23n).

Answer 23

CYTOKINESIS I

Question 24

> A.K.A EQUATIONAL DIVISION
EQUALIZES THE CHROMOSOMES NUMBER OF BOTH PARENT AND DAUGHTER CELLS
INDIVIDUAL CHROMOSOMES ARE PRESENTING IN THE BEGINNING.
LESS SIMPLE AND TAKES LESS TIME.
NO INTERPHASE TAKES PLACE.

Answer 24

MEIOSIS II

Question 25

PROPHASE II >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 25

> DECONDENSED CHROMATIDS IN TELOPHASE I, STARTS TO CONDENSE AGAIN.
A NEW SPINDLE FIBERS FORM.
THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE DISINTEGRATES.

Question 26

METAPHASE II >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 26

> SISTER CHROMATIDS ALIGNED TO THE METAPHASE PLATE OF THE CELL.

Question 27

ANAPHASE II

Answer 27

> SPINDLE FIBERS PULL APART THE SISTER CHROMATIDS TOWARDS THE OPPOSITE POLE.
NON-KINETOCHORE SPINDLE FIBERS LENGTHEN THE CELL.

Question 28

TELOPHASE II >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 28

> THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE REAPPEAR AROUND THE FOUR NUCLEI.
CHROMATIDS START TO CONDENSE.
FORMATION OF CLEAVAGE FURROW.

Question 29

CYTOKINESIS >SIGNIFICANT EVENTS

Answer 29

> FORMATION OF FOUR (4) HAPLOID DAUGTHER CELLS.

>AT THE CONCLUSION OF MEIOSIS, THESE FOUR HAPLOID DAUGTHER CELLS GO ON TO DEVELOP INTO EITHER SPERM OR EGG CELLS.

Question 30

SIMILARITIES OF MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

Answer 30

> THEY ARE BOTH “PRECEDED BY INTERPHASE” (WHICH INCLUDES DNA REPLICATION).
THEY BOTH “DIVIDE” ACCORDING TO A “COMMON PATHWAY” (PROPHASE -> METAPHASE -> ANAPHASE -> TELOPHASE).
THEY BOTH “SPLIT THEIR CELLS VIA “CYTOKINESIS”.

Question 31

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

Answer 31

>DIVISION (MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)
     >ONE>TWO
>SYNAPSIS (MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)
     >NO>YES
>CROSSING OVER (MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)
     >NO>YES
>NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS (MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)
     >2 D.C>4D.C (MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)
>POIDY (MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)
     >DIPLOID>HAPLOID 
>USE (MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)
     >BODY CELL (SOMATIC CELL)>SEX CELL (GAMETES)
>GENETICS (MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS)
     >IDENTICAL D.C>NON-IDENTICAL D.C