Cell Division, Cell Cycle Flashcards
3 reasons that we need cells to divide…
- REPAIR/REPLACE - replace damaged/dead cells
- GROW - allow organisms to grow
- REPRODUCE - allow organisms to reproduce
3 main stages of the cell cycle…
- Interphase
- Mitosis
- Cytokinesis
Which stage of the cell cycle is the longest part?
INTERPHASE stage
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
Which stage is the 2nd stage of the cell cycle?
MITOSIS stage
Which stage is the 3rd stage of the cell cycle?
CYTOKINESIS stage
Which stage is the 1st stage of the cell cycle?
INTERPHASE stage
During the _____ ______, the cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides into 2 new cells
CELL CYCLE
During this stage of the cell cycle, the cell GROWS, organelles duplicate, DNA copies itself, and prepares to divide
INTERPHASE stage
During INTERPHASE of human cells the chromosomes double from ____ to ____. Why?
They double from 46 to 92. They do this so that when the cell divides in half later (in cytokinesis stage) each new cell will have 46 chromosomes.
These are the 4 parts of the mitosis stage… P-M-A-T
- PROPHASE
- METAPHASE
- ANAPHASE
- TELOPHASE
Body cells have 46 chromosomes and are also known as ________ cells.
DIPLOID cells
Where are the chromosomes found? What genetic code do they contain?
Found in the nucleus.
Contain the DNA.
What do centromeres do?
Centromeres hold the chromosomes together.
In this phase of mitosis,
* the chromosomes come together and are held together by the centromeres
* the spindle fibers form
PROPHASE
In this phase of mitosis,
* the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
* the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres
METAPHASE
In this phase of mitosis,
* the separation of the chromosomes begins
*the spindle fibers pull on the centromeres
*centromeres split
*chromosomes start moving to opposite ends of the cell
ANAPHASE
In this phase of mitosis,
* the cell division is finishing up
* cell membrane begins to close and split the cell into two
* the cell is almost separated
TELOPHASE
During the Cytokinesis stage of cell division, the _______ divides and there are now two separate cells.
CYTOPLASM
Why is it important that the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell during the Metaphase phase of mitosis?
If not lined up across the center of the cell, the chromosomes won’t separate properly during anaphase.
Name 3 common cancer treatments.
- RADIATION - lasers target a certain region and kill all of the cells
- SURGERY - cut out the tumor
- CHEMOTHERAPY - using drugs to stop cells from dividing and to kill the cells that are dividing rapidly
Cancer is a disease of which stage of the cell cycle?
MITOSIS
Name 3 ways that cancer cells are different from regular cells.
- Cancer cells will go on dividing forever if they have enough nutrients. Regular cells will divide about 50x and then die.
- Cancer cells often have a different number of chromosomes than regular cells.
- The surface of cancer cells tend to be slippery and break off from neighboring cells. Regular cells will stick to neighboring cells.
The purpose of Meiosis is to create more ______ _______.
Sex cells
