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Science 7 > Cell Division, Cell Cycle > Flashcards

Cell Division, Cell Cycle Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

3 reasons that we need cells to divide…

A
  1. REPAIR/REPLACE - replace damaged/dead cells
  2. GROW - allow organisms to grow
  3. REPRODUCE - allow organisms to reproduce
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2
Q

3 main stages of the cell cycle…

A
  1. Interphase
  2. Mitosis
  3. Cytokinesis
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3
Q

Which stage of the cell cycle is the longest part?

A

INTERPHASE stage

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4
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have?

A

46

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5
Q

Which stage is the 2nd stage of the cell cycle?

A

MITOSIS stage

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6
Q

Which stage is the 3rd stage of the cell cycle?

A

CYTOKINESIS stage

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7
Q

Which stage is the 1st stage of the cell cycle?

A

INTERPHASE stage

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8
Q

During the _____ ______, the cell grows, prepares for division, and then divides into 2 new cells

A

CELL CYCLE

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9
Q

During this stage of the cell cycle, the cell GROWS, organelles duplicate, DNA copies itself, and prepares to divide

A

INTERPHASE stage

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10
Q

During INTERPHASE of human cells the chromosomes double from ____ to ____. Why?

A

They double from 46 to 92. They do this so that when the cell divides in half later (in cytokinesis stage) each new cell will have 46 chromosomes.

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11
Q

These are the 4 parts of the mitosis stage… P-M-A-T

A
  1. PROPHASE
  2. METAPHASE
  3. ANAPHASE
  4. TELOPHASE
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12
Q

Body cells have 46 chromosomes and are also known as ________ cells.

A

DIPLOID cells

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13
Q

Where are the chromosomes found? What genetic code do they contain?

A

Found in the nucleus.
Contain the DNA.

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14
Q

What do centromeres do?

A

Centromeres hold the chromosomes together.

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15
Q

In this phase of mitosis,
* the chromosomes come together and are held together by the centromeres
* the spindle fibers form

A

PROPHASE

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15
Q

In this phase of mitosis,
* the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
* the spindle fibers attach to the centromeres

A

METAPHASE

16
Q

In this phase of mitosis,
* the separation of the chromosomes begins
*the spindle fibers pull on the centromeres
*centromeres split
*chromosomes start moving to opposite ends of the cell

A

ANAPHASE

17
Q

In this phase of mitosis,
* the cell division is finishing up
* cell membrane begins to close and split the cell into two
* the cell is almost separated

A

TELOPHASE

18
Q

During the Cytokinesis stage of cell division, the _______ divides and there are now two separate cells.

A

CYTOPLASM

19
Q

Why is it important that the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell during the Metaphase phase of mitosis?

A

If not lined up across the center of the cell, the chromosomes won’t separate properly during anaphase.

20
Q

Name 3 common cancer treatments.

A
  1. RADIATION - lasers target a certain region and kill all of the cells
  2. SURGERY - cut out the tumor
  3. CHEMOTHERAPY - using drugs to stop cells from dividing and to kill the cells that are dividing rapidly
21
Q

Cancer is a disease of which stage of the cell cycle?

A

MITOSIS

22
Q

Name 3 ways that cancer cells are different from regular cells.

A
  1. Cancer cells will go on dividing forever if they have enough nutrients. Regular cells will divide about 50x and then die.
  2. Cancer cells often have a different number of chromosomes than regular cells.
  3. The surface of cancer cells tend to be slippery and break off from neighboring cells. Regular cells will stick to neighboring cells.
23
Q

The purpose of Meiosis is to create more ______ _______.

A

Sex cells

24
Q

The purpose of mitosis is to create more _____ _____.

A

Body cells

25
Q

How many phases are there in meiosis?

A

8 phases

26
Q

How many cells are at the end of meiosis?
How may chromosomes does each have?

A

4 cells of 23 chromosomes each

27
Q

How many cells are at the end of mitosis?
How may chromosomes does each have?

A

2 cells of 46 chromosomes each

28
Q

What do you call the newly formed diploid cell

A

ZYGOTE

29
Q

The process of joining the gametes

A

FERTILIZATION

30
Q

HAPLOID is another term for ______ ________

A

sex cell

31
Q

GAMETE is another word for a _____ ______. Give two examples of gametes.

A

sex cell… sperm and eggs are examples

32
Q

Give 3 reasons why mitosis is important in lab-grown organs.

A
  • When making lab-grown organs, the cells go through mitosis so that it can make more cells
  • The cells combine together to make the shape of the organ and continue reproducing more cells for the organ
  • The billions of cells make the organ and it can now be used in a human body
33
Q

How do scientists use regenerative medicine to help patients?

A

They use it as a process to replace, create, or regenerate human or animal cells or organs to establish or get back to normal function.

Science 7 (5 decks)

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