Cell division Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of interphase?
G1, S, G2
What happens in G1?
Organelles replicate
Cell grows in size
What happens in S?
DNA is replicated in the nucleus
What happens in G2?
Energy stores are increased
Cell continues to grow in size
What is checked at the G1 checkpoint?
- Cell size
- Nutrients
- Growth factors
- DNA damage
What is checked at the G2 checkpoint?
- Cell size
- DNA replication
- DNA damage
What is G0?
Where the cell leaves the cycle
What are 3 common reasons why cells enter G0?
The cell has differentiated
The cell is old
The cell is damaged
What are senescent cells?
Old cells that stop dividing
What is cytokinesis?
Where the cytoplasm divides and two cells are produced
What is the spindle assembly check point?
Where it is checked that all chromosomes are attached to spindle fibres and aligned
What is the spindle assembly check point also known as?
The metaphase checkpoint
What would the indefinite replication of cells lead to?
Increased frequency of mutation = increased likelihood of harmful mutation
What does mitosis produce?
Two identical daughter cells
How are chromatids produced?
When a chromosomes is converted into two identical chromatids
What is the centromere?
The centre point where two chromatids join to form a chromosome