ATP

Question 1

What three main types of activity require energy?

Answer 1

• Synthesis (e.g. protein synthesis)
• Transport (e.g. active transport)
• Movement (e.g. muscle cells contracting)

Question 2

What is ATP made up of?

Answer 2

• Adenine
• Ribose
• 3 phosphate groups

Question 3

Similarities between ATP and DNA/RNA?

Answer 3

• Nitrogenous base
• Pentose sugar
• Phosphate group

Question 4

Differences between ATP and DNA/RNA?

Answer 4

• Base is always adenine

- 3 phosphate groups

Question 5

How does ATP release energy?

Answer 5

A small amount of energy is required to hydrolyse ATP to ADP, but a large amount of energy is then released when the liberated phosphate forms other bonds

Question 6

What is phosphorylation?

Answer 6

The reattaching of phosphate group to ADP to reform ATP

Question 7

Why is ATP not a good long-term energy store?

Answer 7

The phosphate bonds in ATP are unstable

Question 8

Why is ATP known as the universal energy currency?

Answer 8

Because ATP is used for energy transfer in all cells of all living things

Question 9

What are long-term energy stores and why?

Answer 9

Fats and carbohydrates are long-term energy stores, as they can create ATP from the phosphorylation of ADP during cellular respiration

Question 10

What properties of ATP mean it is ideally suited to carry out its function in energy transfer?

Answer 10

• Small
• Water soluble
• Releases energy in small quantities (reduces wasted energy)
• Easily regenerated