Cell Division Flashcards
What are chromosomes and where are they found?
Chromosomes are where the DNA is and they are found in the nucleus. Chromosomes are normally invisible but become visible in prophase.
In preparation for mitosis chromatids duplicate themselves and are joined together at the…
Centromere
What is the stage where the genetic material is duplicated to form a second chromatid?
Interphase
What are the four stages of mitosis?
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
What is prophase?
Each chromosome now consisting of a pair of identical chromatids becomes visible. Spindle fibres start to form
What is Metaphase?
Chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell and centromere’s attach to spindle fibres
What is Anaphase?
Centromeres split and one half of each double stranded chromosome moves to one end of cell. Cytoplasm starts to divide.
What is Telophase?
Cytoplasm finishes dividing and chromosomes fade from view. Nuclear membrane starts to form around clusters of chromosomes
What does Mitosis produce?
Two genetically identical cells
What happens in Meiosis one?
Double stranded chromosomes line up in pairs. They pull apart and cytoplasms divide and split off. Crossing over occurs in prophase one.
What happens in Meiosis two?
Double stranded chromosomes line up, are pulled apart and become single stranded chromosomes
What does Meiosis produce?
Four cells all genetically different from each other and the original parent cell (because of crossing over)
What do mitosis and meiosis begin with?
One diploid cell (46 chromosomes)
