Basic Cell Biology Flashcards
Cells are the basic building block of life allowing for
protection, movement, communication, growth & repair, metabolism & energy production
How many cells in the body?
30-40 trillion
What are the three basic parts of the cell?
(i) Cell membrane
(ii) Cytoplasm
(iii) Nucleus
What is the cell membrane?
The semi-permeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell
What is the cell cytoplasm?
A thick solution composed of water, salts and proteins enclosed by the cell membrane. It also contains all the organelles.
What is the cell nucleus?
The largest organelle in the cell. It acts as the control centre and contains genetic material including chromosomes.
What are cell organelles?
The cells internal organs. They carry out a variety of functions.
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
An organelle consisting of a series of connected flattened sacs that play a central role in the synthesis of proteins.
What are ribosomes?
Organelles consisting of RNA, they bind messenger and transfer RNA to synthesise proteins
What is the Golgi Apparatus?
An organelle composed of folded membranes involved in secretion and intracellular transport
What is the mitochondrion?
An organelle in which processes of respiration and energy production occur
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
An organelle without surface ribosomes involved in the synthesis of lipids, steroids and carbohydrates
What are Lysosomes?
An organelle containing digestive enzymes involved in breaking down worn out parts of the cell and in destroying viruses and bacteria. If a cell is damaged beyond repair lysosomes can facilitate cell programmed self destruction.
What are microvilli?
Protrusions from the cell membrane that look like tiny bristles. They facilitate absorption of ingested food and water molecules.
How many types of cell are there in the body?
Around 200 types of cell which are needed for tissue function. Including nerve, muscle, blood, lung, gut, lining, stem.
