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Bio 30 > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

DNA

A

Chemical code which determines the making of proteins

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2
Q

Genes

A

Units of instructions located on chromosomes that produce or influence a particular trait.

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3
Q

Chromosomes

A

Short, condensed threads of DNA found in the nucleus of cells.

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4
Q

Autosome

A

Chromosome 1-22

Homologous pairs

Not sex determining

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5
Q

Sex chromosome

A

23rd pair

Determined sex

Xx- female xy-male

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6
Q

Ploidy

Diploid

Haploid

A

Diploid (2n)- complete set of twinned chromosomes( maternal + paternal)
Diploid cells= somatic

Haploid (n)- half number, one set( sex cells)

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7
Q 
Chromatin:
Chromatids:
Telomeres:
Histone proteins:
Centrosomes:
Kinetichore
A

Chromatin:long thin uncondencesd DNA
Chromatids: replicated DNA
Telomeres: tips of chromosome
Histone proteins: condense chromosomes.
Centrosomes:organelle that build spindle fibres ( divides into two centrioles)
Kinetichore:place on either side of centromere where spindle fibres attach

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8
Q

Mitosis: interphase

A

Not part of mitosis

Cell growth/activities

DNA replication occurs

Centrioles divide and move apart

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9
Q

Mitosis: prophase

A

DNA condenses into chromosomes

Spindle fibre begins to form

Nuclear material breaks down

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10
Q

Mitosis:metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up at equatorial plate

Spindle fibre completes formation

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11
Q

Mitosis:anaphase

A

Separation of chromosomes

Migrate to spindle poles

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12
Q

Mitosis:telophase

A

Chromosomes uncoil

Nuclear membrane reforms

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13
Q

Meiosis 1: prophase

A

Nuclear membrane disappears

Chromosomes form homologous pairs

Crossing over occurs

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14
Q

Meiosis 1: metaphase

A

Homologous chromosomes attached to spindle fibres

Line up along the equatorial plate

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15
Q

Meiosis 1: anaphase

A

Homologous chromosomes separate

Sister chromatids begin migrating to poles

(23 replicated at each pole)

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16
Q

Meiosis 1: telophase and cytokinesis

A

Two daughter cells are formed

17
Q

Meiosis 2: interphase

A

Short period of rest

18
Q

Meiosis 2: prophase

A

Nuclear membrane disappears

Spindle fibres form

19
Q

Meiosis 2: metaphase

A

Chromatid pairs align on the equator of the cell

Spindle fibres attached to the centromere’s

20
Q

Meiosis 2: anaphase

A

Centromere split and the sister chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell

21
Q

Meiosis 2: telophase

A

For grand daughter cells are produced

Haploid

Bio 30 (5 decks)

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