cell division

Question 1

o Chromatin condenses into visible chromosomes.
o Each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere.
o The mitotic spindle, made of microtubules, begins to form, and the nuclear
envelope starts to break down.

Answer 1

Prophase:

Question 1

is the process by which a single cell divides to produce two genetically identical
daughter cells. It occurs in somatic cells (non-reproductive cells) and is essential for
growth and tissue repair.

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

o Chromosomes align at the cell’s equatorial plane (metaphase plate).
o Spindle fibers attach to the centromeres of each chromosome.

Answer 2

Metaphase:

Question 3

o The sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles of the cell by the
spindle fibers.
o Each chromatid is now considered a separate chromosome.

Answer 3

Anaphase:

Question 4

o Chromosomes reach the poles and begin to de-condense back into chromatin.
o The nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of chromosomes, resulting in two
nuclei

Answer 4

Telophase:

Question 5

Mitosis allows organisms to grow by increasing the number of cells.
It replaces damaged or dead cells, maintaining tissue health.
In some organisms, mitosis is a means of asexual
reproduction

Answer 5

• Growth:
• Tissue Repair:
• Asexual Reproduction:

Question 6

is the process that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing four
genetically diverse daughter cells called gametes (sperm or eggs). It occurs in germ
cells (reproductive cells) and is essential for sexual reproduction.

Answer 6

Meiosis

Question 7

Tetrads align at the metaphase plate, and spindle fibers attach to
the homologous chromosomes.

Answer 7

Metaphase I:

Question 7

Chromosomes condense, and homologous chromosomes pair up in
a process called synapsis, forming tetrads. Crossing over (exchange of genetic
material) occurs, increasing genetic diversity

Answer 7

Prophase I:

Question 8

The cell divides into two haploid daughter cells,
each with half the original chromosome number.

Answer 8

Telophase I and Cytokinesis:

Question 9

Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles, but sister
chromatids remain attached.

Answer 9

o Anaphase I:

Question 10

Chromosomes condense again, and a new spindle apparatus
forms.

Answer 10

Prophase II:

Question 10

Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate in each haploid cell.

Answer 10

o Metaphase II:

Question 11

The two haploid cells divide, resulting in four
genetically diverse gametes.

Answer 11

o Telophase II and Cytokinesis:

Question 12

Sister chromatids are pulled apart toward opposite poles.

Answer 12

o Anaphase II:

Question 13

Crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis contribute
to genetic variation in offspring.
Meiosis ensures that gametes have half the
chromosome number, so that when fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote has a
complete set of chromosomes.

Answer 13

• Genetic Diversity:
• Reduction of Chromosome Number: