apoptosis

Question 1

s “programmed cell death,” is a highly regulated process
by which cells undergo an orderly death as part of normal development, maintenance,
and health of an organism

Answer 1

Cell Apoptosis:

Question 2

o The cell begins to shrink as the cytoplasm condenses and the volume of the cell
decreases.
o The cell membrane remains intact, but it undergoes changes that make the cell
recognizable by phagocytes (cells that engulf and digest apoptotic cells).

Answer 2

Cell Shrinkage:

Question 3

o The cell membrane forms bubble-like protrusions called blebs.
o These blebs eventually break off from the cell and are engulfed by phagocytes

Answer 3

. Membrane Blebbing:

Question 3

o The chromatin (DNA and associated proteins) inside the nucleus condenses and
becomes tightly packed.
o The nucleus may fragment into smaller pieces known as apoptotic bodies

Answer 3

Chromatin Condensation:

Question 4

o The cell fragments into small, membrane-bound apoptotic bodies containing
parts of the cell’s cytoplasm and organelles.
o These apoptotic bodies are quickly recognized and phagocytosed by neighboring
cells or immune cells, preventing the release of potentially harmful cellular
contents into the surrounding tissue.

Answer 4

4. Formation of Apoptotic Bodies:

Question 5

o Apoptotic cells or bodies are efficiently engulfed and digested by phagocytes.
o This cleanup process prevents inflammation, which is a common outcome of
necrosis

Answer 5

Phagocytosis: