Cell division

Question 1

Largest structure to smallest

Answer 1

Organism, Organ, tissue, cells, nucleus, chromosome, gene, DNA

Question 2

How many chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 2

46

Question 3

How many chromosomes does an egg/sperm have?

Answer 3

23

Question 4

How many chromosmes does a fertilized egg have?

Answer 4

46

Question 5

Avantages of reproducing sexually

Answer 5

Diversity/variability

Question 6

Avantages of reproducing asexually

Answer 6

Quicker, no energy finding a mate, produce more.

Question 7

Normal process of cell division where one cell divides in such a way as to produce 2 identical daughter cells with same chromosome # as parent cell.

Answer 7

Mitosis

Question 8

When cell does its job,preparing for cell division, uncondensed chromatin. 90% of life cycle of cells. Replication of DNA.

Answer 8

Interphase

Question 9

immediately follows mitosis; cells grow in size; cytoplasmic molecules & structures increase in number(organelles double)

Answer 9

G1 (gap/growth phase)

Question 10

Chromosome DNA is replicated

Answer 10

S (synthesis phase)

Question 11

final preparation for cell division

Answer 11

G2 (gap/growth phase)

Question 12

Chromatin shortens/thickens to form chromosomes.chromosomes composed of 2 chromatids attached by centromere. nuclear mem. disappears. centrosomes migrate to opposite poles & form spindle fibers

Answer 12

prophase

Question 13

made up of genes. A thread like structure made up of DNA & proteins

Answer 13

chromosomes

Question 14

uncondensed chromosomes, complex of DNA & protein that make up chromosomes

Answer 14

chromatin

Question 15

Half of a duplicated chromosomes

Answer 15

Chromatids

Question 16

Made up of 2 centrioles. produce spindle fibers that move the chromosomes

Answer 16

Centrosome

Question 17

Individual part that make centrosomes

Answer 17

centriole

Question 18

Structure that holds chromatids together

Answer 18

Centromere

Question 19

chromatids are highly visible and align themselves along the middle of the cell (equatorial plate)

Answer 19

Metaphase

Question 20

Centromere split, and chromatids seperate (now have 2 single stranded, unduplicated chromosomes) spindle fibers pull seperated chromosomes to opposite poles

Answer 20

Anaphase

Question 21

Nuclear membrane/nucleoli reforms. chromosomes become chromatin, spindle fibers dissolve, chromosomes become longer & thinner(chromatin)

Answer 21

Telophase

Question 22

Cytoplasm divides, not a phase in mitosis

Answer 22

Cytokinesis

Question 23

a term to describe the number of chromosomes sets in a nucleus and is represented by the letter n

Answer 23

Ploidy

Question 24

refers to two sets of chromosomes (full complement) and is found in body cells.

Answer 24

Diploid

Question 25

are organismes with three or more complete sets of chromosomes. if diploid is 2n, then triploid is 3n, tetraploid is 4n,etc

Answer 25

Polyploids

Question 26

process in which sex cells (gametes) are formed, occur in gonads(ovaries, fallopian tube 7 testes) not identical haploid to parent cell. one replication.

Answer 26

meiosis

Question 27

chromatin becomes visible chromosomes with chromatids joined by centromere, nuclear mem. fades, centrioles move to opp. poles, spindle appear. Homologous chromosomes pair up forming tetrad

Answer 27

Prophase I

Question 28

2 homologous/4 chromatids

Answer 28

tetrad

Question 29

tetrads line up on the equatorial plate

Answer 29

metaphase I

Question 30

Homologous pairs/tetrads seperate & move to opposite poles(segregation) diploid mother becomes 2 haploid daughters

Answer 30

Anaphase I

Question 31

Division of cytoplasm forming 2 cells that are not identical

Answer 31

Telophase I

Question 32

Centrioles in the two new cells move to opposite poles, nuclear mem. dissapears, spindle reappear

Answer 32

prophase II

Question 33

Chromatids line up on equatorial plate

Answer 33

Metaphase II

Question 34

Sister chromatids seperate and move to opposite poles

Answer 34

Anaphase II

Question 35

Nuclear membrane reforms. haploid daughter cells forming.

Answer 35

Telophase II

Question 36

Resulting in 4 haploid daughter cells (all nonidentical) each with half the chromosomes of the original parent cell. Then chromosomes unravel & turn back into chromatin

Answer 36

Cytokinesis (miosis)

Question 37

chromosomes similar in length,location of centromere & order of genes. One is received from each parent

Answer 37

Homologous chromosomes (homologues)

Question 38

homologous chromosomes pair up, forming tetrads during prophase I in meiosis I

Answer 38

Synapsis

Question 39

breaking and rejoining homologous non-sister chromatids (increases genetic variation); results in recombinants (new gametes with new gene combinations)

Answer 39

crossing over

Question 40

the process by which 2 sister chromatids formed because DNA replicaiton, or paired homologous chromosomes, separate from each other & migrate to opp. poles. process occurs in mitosis & meiosis

Answer 40

segregation

Question 41

the haploid (n) stage of a plant that produces gametes by mitosis, which fuse and produce the sporophyte generation

Answer 41

Gametophyte

Question 42

The diploid stage of a plant that produces spores by meiosis

Answer 42

Sporophyte

Question 43

the gamete joins with 24 chromosomes joins with a normal gamete (230 to form zygote with 47 chromosomes

Answer 43

trisomy

Question 44

The gamete with 22 chromosomes joins with a normal gamete (23) to form zygote with 45 chromosomes

Answer 44

Monosomy

Question 45

results in trisomy or monosomy which results in down syndrome, Klinfelter syndrome, & turners syndrome

Answer 45

Nondisjunction

Question 46

A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterise a particular abnormally or condition, however not all symptoms may be present in each patient & not the same degree of severity

Answer 46

Syndrome

Question 47

47 chromosomes (extra 21-also called trisomy 21)

Answer 47

Down syndrome

Question 48

XXY-47 (extra X chromosomes;but will be male due to presence of Y chromosome)Calico

Answer 48

Klinefelter syndrome

Question 49

XO-45 chromosomes, individuals only have one X chromosome (will have 45 chromosomes and be female)

Answer 49

Turners syndrime

Question 50

Picture of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs

Answer 50

karyotype