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Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

The complex of DNA and proteins is called ____ ____

A

chromatin fibres

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2
Q

During cell division, chromatin condenses into __

A

chromosomes

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3
Q

Chromosomes are highly _____ and ______ chromatin fibres

A

coiled, condensed

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4
Q

chromosomes literally means

A

Coloured bodies

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5
Q

Chromosomes in animals where first studied by

A

Walther Flemming

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6
Q

Walther Fleming noticed chromosomes in which animal

A

Rapidly dividing cells of larvae of salamander

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7
Q

Chromatin consists of two things.. They are?

A

DNA

Histones

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8
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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9
Q

Percentage composition of chromatin

A

DNA - 40%

Histones - 60%

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10
Q

The shape of DNA molecule was first studied by

A

Rosalind Franklin

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11
Q

Structure of DNA was finally worked out by

A

Watson and Crick

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12
Q

What structure did Watson and Crick propose

A

Double stranded helical structure

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13
Q

Single DNA molecule is described as

A

Macromolecule

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14
Q

Repeating component of a DNA strand

A

Nucleotide

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15
Q

Components of nucleotide

A

Phosphate, pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base

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16
Q

The base are the ____ of DNA ladder

A

Rungs

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17
Q

strands are ____ of DNA ladder

A

ropes

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18
Q

4 bases found in DNA

A

Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

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19
Q

Adenine and Guanine are _______ whereas Cytosine and Thymine are ______

A

Purins, Pyrimidins

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20
Q

Adenine pairs with ____ with _____ Hydrogen bonds

A

Thymine, 2

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21
Q

______ pairs with cytosine with ___ hydrogen bonds

A

Guanine, three

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22
Q

Histones are

A

Proteins

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23
Q

Function of histones

A

Help in coiling and packaging of DNA into nucleosomes

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24
Q

8 histone together make a

A

Histone octamer

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25
Nucleosome
DNA strand wound around a core of histone octamer
26
Single human chromosome may have ____ nucleosomes
a milllion
27
Each human cell contains about ___ metres of DNA
2
28
Nucleus of human cell is ____ in diameter
6 micrometer
29
Point where sister chromatids are attached
Centromere
30
Each duplicated chromosome has 2
Sister chromatids
31
Function of centromere
attaches itself to spindle fibre during cell division
32
Specific sequences of nucleotides on a chromosome that regulate body features
Genes
33
99 % of total DNA are functional .... True/False
False
34
Why do we need new cells?
Growth Repair Replacement Reproduction
35
series of events that take place in a cell leading to duplication of DNA and division of cell to produce two daughter cells
Cell Cycle
36
two phases of cell division
interphase | M-phase
37
______-- is a non - dividing phase
Interphase
38
M-phase is also called ___
Mitosis
39
During interphase what do the cells do
prepare for next cell division and grow to same size as mother cell
40
three phases of interphase
First growth phase Synthesis phase Second growth phase
41
three thing done in G1 phase
1. RNA and proteins are synthesised 2. chloroplast and mitochondria divide 3. either enters S-phase or G0 phase
42
What does the cell do in Synthesis phase
More DNA synthesised | Chromosomes duplicated
43
things done in G2 phase
More RNA and proteins synthesised
44
shortest phase of interphase
G2 phase
45
equational division
mItosis
46
Reductional division
Meiosis
47
cell division leading to production of diploid cells
Mitosis
48
cell division leading to production of haploid cells
Meiosis
49
most important aspect of mitosis
Same chromosome number is maintained
50
two phases of mitosis
Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis
51
Division of nucleus
Karyokinesis
52
Division of cytoplasm
Cytokinesis
53
4 phases of karyokinesis
Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
54
shortest phase of mitosis
Anaphase
55
Shortest phase of cell cycle
M-phase
56
Longest phase of mitosis
Prophase
57
Longest phase of cell cycle
Interphase
58
4 bases of RNA
adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil
59
nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear
Prophase
60
spindle fibres are formed by __-
Daughter centrioles
61
Spindle fibres appear
Prophase
62
centrosome splits into 2 ____
Centrioles
63
Each centriole is surrounded by
Asters
64
centrioles reach the ___ of the cell
poles
65
which is the most distinct phase of mitosis
Metaphase
66
chromosomes line up at the equator
Metaphase
67
Each chromosome gets attached to a spindle by centromere
Metaphase
68
Centromere splits
Anaphase
69
shortening of spindle fibre
Anaphase
70
furrow or cell plate starts
Anaphase
71
spindle fibres disappear
Telophase
72
Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappears
Telophase
73
chromatids thin out
Telophase
74
Cleavage furrow deepens
Telophase
75
cell plate grows from _____- to _______
Centre to periphery
76
furrow deepens from ____ to __
Periphery to centre
77
cell plate - ( centrifugal/centripetal)
Centrifugal
78
furrow (centrifugal/ centripetal)
Centripetal
79
asters are formed in plant cells... true/false
False
80
meiosis produces
Sex cells or gametes
81
__ division takes place in reproductive organs
Meiotic
82
chromosome no. is halved during ____
meiosis
83
no. of daughter cells formed in mitosis
2
84
no. of daughter cells formed in meiosis
4
85
Meiosis _______ - chromosome no. is same
II
86
Point of crossing over
Chiasma
87
exchange of chromatid material between two members of homologous pair
Crossing over
88
Liver cells divide once every
1 to 2 yrs
89
_____ cells divide continuously in humans
skin
90
in plants , cells at ___ divide rapidly
meristem
91
haploid
n no. of chromosomes
92
diploid
2n no. of chromosomes
93
another name for body cells
somatic cells
94
this division results in genetic variation ... why is that due to
Meiosis , crossing over
95
uncontrolled cell cycles may lead to ____-. that may either be ___ or _____
Tumours, cancerous, non cancerous
96
pairing of homologous chromosomes
synapsis
97
Direct cell division
Amitosis
98
Structure which initiates cell division
Centrioles
99
Type of cell division in unicellular organisms
Amitosis

Biology (5 decks)

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