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Biology > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The complex of DNA and proteins is called ____ ____

A

chromatin fibres

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2
Q

During cell division, chromatin condenses into __

A

chromosomes

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3
Q

Chromosomes are highly _____ and ______ chromatin fibres

A

coiled, condensed

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4
Q

chromosomes literally means

A

Coloured bodies

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5
Q

Chromosomes in animals where first studied by

A

Walther Flemming

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6
Q

Walther Fleming noticed chromosomes in which animal

A

Rapidly dividing cells of larvae of salamander

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7
Q

Chromatin consists of two things.. They are?

A

DNA

Histones

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8
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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9
Q

Percentage composition of chromatin

A

DNA - 40%

Histones - 60%

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10
Q

The shape of DNA molecule was first studied by

A

Rosalind Franklin

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11
Q

Structure of DNA was finally worked out by

A

Watson and Crick

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12
Q

What structure did Watson and Crick propose

A

Double stranded helical structure

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13
Q

Single DNA molecule is described as

A

Macromolecule

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14
Q

Repeating component of a DNA strand

A

Nucleotide

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15
Q

Components of nucleotide

A

Phosphate, pentose sugar and a nitrogenous base

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16
Q

The base are the ____ of DNA ladder

A

Rungs

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17
Q

strands are ____ of DNA ladder

A

ropes

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18
Q

4 bases found in DNA

A

Adenine Guanine Cytosine Thymine

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19
Q

Adenine and Guanine are _______ whereas Cytosine and Thymine are ______

A

Purins, Pyrimidins

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20
Q

Adenine pairs with ____ with _____ Hydrogen bonds

A

Thymine, 2

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21
Q

______ pairs with cytosine with ___ hydrogen bonds

A

Guanine, three

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22
Q

Histones are

A

Proteins

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23
Q

Function of histones

A

Help in coiling and packaging of DNA into nucleosomes

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24
Q

8 histone together make a

A

Histone octamer

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25
Q

Nucleosome

A

DNA strand wound around a core of histone octamer

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26
Q

Single human chromosome may have ____ nucleosomes

A

a milllion

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27
Q

Each human cell contains about ___ metres of DNA

A

2

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28
Q

Nucleus of human cell is ____ in diameter

A

6 micrometer

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29
Q

Point where sister chromatids are attached

A

Centromere

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30
Q

Each duplicated chromosome has 2

A

Sister chromatids

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31
Q

Function of centromere

A

attaches itself to spindle fibre during cell division

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32
Q

Specific sequences of nucleotides on a chromosome that regulate body features

A

Genes

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33
Q

99 % of total DNA are functional …. True/False

A

False

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34
Q

Why do we need new cells?

A

Growth
Repair
Replacement
Reproduction

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35
Q

series of events that take place in a cell leading to duplication of DNA and division of cell to produce two daughter cells

A

Cell Cycle

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36
Q

two phases of cell division

A

interphase

M-phase

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37
Q

______– is a non - dividing phase

A

Interphase

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38
Q

M-phase is also called ___

A

Mitosis

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39
Q

During interphase what do the cells do

A

prepare for next cell division and grow to same size as mother cell

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40
Q

three phases of interphase

A

First growth phase
Synthesis phase
Second growth phase

41
Q

three thing done in G1 phase

A
  1. RNA and proteins are synthesised
  2. chloroplast and mitochondria divide
  3. either enters S-phase or G0 phase
42
Q

What does the cell do in Synthesis phase

A

More DNA synthesised

Chromosomes duplicated

43
Q

things done in G2 phase

A

More RNA and proteins synthesised

44
Q

shortest phase of interphase

A

G2 phase

45
Q

equational division

A

mItosis

46
Q

Reductional division

A

Meiosis

47
Q

cell division leading to production of diploid cells

A

Mitosis

48
Q

cell division leading to production of haploid cells

A

Meiosis

49
Q

most important aspect of mitosis

A

Same chromosome number is maintained

50
Q

two phases of mitosis

A

Karyokinesis and Cytokinesis

51
Q

Division of nucleus

A

Karyokinesis

52
Q

Division of cytoplasm

A

Cytokinesis

53
Q

4 phases of karyokinesis

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

54
Q

shortest phase of mitosis

A

Anaphase

55
Q

Shortest phase of cell cycle

A

M-phase

56
Q

Longest phase of mitosis

A

Prophase

57
Q

Longest phase of cell cycle

A

Interphase

58
Q

4 bases of RNA

A

adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil

59
Q

nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear

A

Prophase

60
Q

spindle fibres are formed by __-

A

Daughter centrioles

61
Q

Spindle fibres appear

A

Prophase

62
Q

centrosome splits into 2 ____

A

Centrioles

63
Q

Each centriole is surrounded by

A

Asters

64
Q

centrioles reach the ___ of the cell

A

poles

65
Q

which is the most distinct phase of mitosis

A

Metaphase

66
Q

chromosomes line up at the equator

A

Metaphase

67
Q

Each chromosome gets attached to a spindle by centromere

A

Metaphase

68
Q

Centromere splits

A

Anaphase

69
Q

shortening of spindle fibre

A

Anaphase

70
Q

furrow or cell plate starts

A

Anaphase

71
Q

spindle fibres disappear

A

Telophase

72
Q

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus reappears

A

Telophase

73
Q

chromatids thin out

A

Telophase

74
Q

Cleavage furrow deepens

A

Telophase

75
Q

cell plate grows from _____- to _______

A

Centre to periphery

76
Q

furrow deepens from ____ to __

A

Periphery to centre

77
Q

cell plate - ( centrifugal/centripetal)

A

Centrifugal

78
Q

furrow (centrifugal/ centripetal)

A

Centripetal

79
Q

asters are formed in plant cells… true/false

A

False

80
Q

meiosis produces

A

Sex cells or gametes

81
Q

__ division takes place in reproductive organs

A

Meiotic

82
Q

chromosome no. is halved during ____

A

meiosis

83
Q

no. of daughter cells formed in mitosis

A

2

84
Q

no. of daughter cells formed in meiosis

A

4

85
Q

Meiosis _______ - chromosome no. is same

A

II

86
Q

Point of crossing over

A

Chiasma

87
Q

exchange of chromatid material between two members of homologous pair

A

Crossing over

88
Q

Liver cells divide once every

A

1 to 2 yrs

89
Q

_____ cells divide continuously in humans

A

skin

90
Q

in plants , cells at ___ divide rapidly

A

meristem

91
Q

haploid

A

n no. of chromosomes

92
Q

diploid

A

2n no. of chromosomes

93
Q

another name for body cells

A

somatic cells

94
Q

this division results in genetic variation … why is that due to

A

Meiosis , crossing over

95
Q

uncontrolled cell cycles may lead to ____-. that may either be ___ or _____

A

Tumours, cancerous, non cancerous

96
Q

pairing of homologous chromosomes

A

synapsis

97
Q

Direct cell division

A

Amitosis

98
Q

Structure which initiates cell division

A

Centrioles

99
Q

Type of cell division in unicellular organisms

A

Amitosis

Biology (5 decks)

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