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Biology > Absorption by roots > Flashcards

Absorption by roots Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Three function of roots

A
  1. fix the plant in soil
  2. absorb water and mineral nutrients from soil
  3. conduct them into the stem for supply to leaves, flowers, fruits
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2
Q

Water is needed by plant for 4 things. they are?

A
  1. photosynthesis
  2. transpiration
  3. transportation
  4. mechanical stiffness
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3
Q

Mineral elements are required by plant for:

A
  1. constituents of cell and cell organelles

2. synthesis of compounds and enzymes within the cell

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4
Q

Three characteristics of roots for absorbing water

A
  1. surface area of roots is enormous
  2. Root hairs contain cell sap of higher conc. than that of surrounding solution
  3. root hairs have thin walls
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5
Q

Surface area of roots is enormous due to the presence of ____

A

Root hairs

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6
Q

Root hairs are extensions of _____ cells of roots

A

Epidermal

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7
Q

Cell wall is _____ and _____

A

Thin and permeable

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8
Q

Cell membrane is ____________ and _______

A

Very thin and semi-permeable

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9
Q

Cell membrane allows ______ molecules to pass through but not _____ molecules

A

water, solute

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10
Q

Absorption and conduction of water and minerals is dependent on five phenomena. they are?

A 
Imbibition
Diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport 
Turgidity and Flaccidity
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11
Q

Imbibition

A

is a phenomenon by which living or dead plant cells attract water by surface absorption

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12
Q

What r hydrophilic substances

A

Substances having strong affinity for water

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13
Q

Substances made of _______ are hydrophilic

A

Cellulose

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14
Q

two Examples of imbibition

A
  1. wooden doors swell up in winter

2. seed coat ruptures in germinating seeds

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15
Q

Imbibition is an important force in _____

A

Ascent of sap

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16
Q

Diffusion is _____ movement of _____, from region of ___ to ____ conc. when the two are in _____ contact

A

free, molecules, higher, lower, direct

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16
Q

Osmosis is the movement of ___ molecules from a region of their ____ conc. to a region of their ____ conc. through a __________

A

water, higher, lower, semi-permeable membrane

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16
Q

Two types of osmosis

A
  1. endosmosis

2. exosmosis

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16
Q

Endosmosis is the _______ diffusion of water through semi permeable membrane when surrounding solution is ____ concentrated.

A

Inward, less

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16
Q

Endosmosis tends to __________ the cell

A

swell up

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17
Q

Exosmosis is the ______ diffusion of water through semi permeable membrane when surrounding solution is ____ concentrated

A

outward, more

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18
Q

Exosmosis tends to ___ the cell

A

shrink

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19
Q

in an experiment to demonstrate osmosis, what can be used as semi permeable membrane

A
  1. cellophane paper
  2. egg membrane
  3. animal bladder
  4. vising bag
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20
Q

if we use rubber sheet instead of cellophane paper, what will happen? this is because rubber sheet is ______

A

No change in level of water, impermeable

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21
Q

if we use muslin cloth instead of cellophane paper, what will happen? this is because muslin cloth is ______ for sugar solution

A

entire sugar solution will flow down due to gravity since the pores of muslin cloth are so large.
FREELY PERMEABLE

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22
Q

Theoretically, osmosis should continue till concentration of water becomes _______ on both sides.

A

equal

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23
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

minimum pressure required to prevent passage of pure solvent into solution when two r separated by semi-permeable membrane

24
Q

_________ is a measure of its tendency to take in water by osmosis

A

Osmotic pressure

25
Q

Relative conc. of solutions

A

Tonicity

26
Q

Tonicity determines

A

direction and extent of diffusion

27
Q

Based on tonicity, a solution can be pf three types .. they are?

A

Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Isotonic

28
Q

when relative conc. of water molecules is same on either side of SPM , solution is in ___ condition and ____osmosis takes place

A

isotonic , no

29
Q

The solution outside cell has lower solute conc. than inside the cell. the condition of solution is _________ and __osmosis take place

A

Hypotonic, end

30
Q

The solution outside the cell has a higher solute conc. than inside the cell.. condition of solution is ____ and __osmosis takes place

A

hypertonic, ex

31
Q

cell enlarges or bursts when solution is _____

A

Hypotonic

32
Q

Cell shrinks when solution is ___

A

Hypertonic

33
Q

Active transport is the passage of a substance from its ____ to ___ conc. through a ____ ___ ________ using ____ from the cell

A

Lower, higher, living cell membrane, energy

34
Q

active transport is in a direction opposite to that of ____

A

Diffusion

35
Q

required energy for active transport is supplied in the form of

A

ATP ( Adenosine tri phosphate)

36
Q

Passive transport is same as ___

A

Diffusion

37
Q

State of cell which is fully distended ( cannot accommodate any more water) and the condition, ?

A

Turgid state , Turgidity

38
Q

Pressure of cell content on cell wall

A

Turgor pressure

39
Q

Pressure of cell wall on cell content

A

wall pressure

40
Q

When turgor pressure exceeds wall pressure…. what happens

A

cell ruptures and contents burst out

41
Q

Plasmolysis

A

contraction of cytoplasm from cell wall due to withdrawal of water when placed in hypertonic solution

42
Q

after plasmolysis, the cells are ____

A

flaccid

43
Q

if a plasmolysed cell is returned to water quickly before it is dead, the protoplasm swells up again . this condition is called

A

Deplasmolysis

44
Q

____ provides rigidity to soft tissues like leaves

A

Turgidity

45
Q

practical example of plasmolysis

A

Addition of salt to pickle and meat to kill bacteria

46
Q

Roots of certain trees crack the walls of a building sometimes…. this is due to ___ ____

A

Turgor pressure

47
Q

_____ in root cells build up root pressure

A

Turgor

48
Q

Root pressure can be measured using

A

Manometer

49
Q

pressure developed in roots due to continued inward movement of water through cell to cell osmosis

A

Root pressure

50
Q

Loss of water through cut stem

A

Bleeding

51
Q

Bleeding in plants happen due to

A

root pressure

52
Q

opening and closing of stomata depend on _____ of guard cells

A

Turgidity

53
Q

scientific name for touch-me-not plant

A

Mimosa Pudica

54
Q

in mimosa Pudica, stimulus of ___ leads to loss of ____ at the base of _____ called _____

A

Touch, turgor, petioles , pulvinus

55
Q

bending of certain flowers to wards the sun is als example of

A

Turgor movements

56
Q

4 forces contributing to ascent of sap

A

Root pressure
Capillarity
Transpiration pull
Adhesion

57
Q

Xylem is in the ____ whereas phloem is in the ___

A

centre, periphery

58
Q

another name for experiment where xylem is removed and phloem is removed

A

Girdling

59
Q

___ is the tendency of same kind of molecules to remain joined

A

Cohesion

60
Q

__ is the tendency of dissimilar particles to stick together

A

Adhesion

61
Q

narrower the diameter of the xylem ,_____ will be the height of water rising

A

greater

Biology (5 decks)

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