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BOTANY > Cell Division > Flashcards

Cell Division Flashcards

1
Q

Cell Cycle?`

A

The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates its genome, synthesizes other constituents of the cell and eventually divides into two daughter cells.

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2
Q

The period between the formation of new daughter cells and their further divisions.

A

Cell Cycle

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3
Q

2 phases of cell cycle?

A

1) Interphase

2) M / Mitotic Phase

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4
Q

Phase between two successive M phase

A

Interphase

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5
Q

The Cell prepares itself for cell division in

A

Interphase

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6
Q

Biosynthetic phase in which cell duplicates its organelles and replicates its DNA (95% of the cell cycle)

A

Interphase

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7
Q

Actual cell divison occurs in

A

M phase

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8
Q

in what phase does the cell utilises the constituents formed during interphase and divide into 2 daughter cell

A

M phase

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9
Q

period of cell cycle in yeast

A

90 minutes

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10
Q

period of cell cycle in (typical) human cell

A

24 hours

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11
Q

Long, Non-Dividing, Growing phase of the cell cycle

A

interphase

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12
Q

the most active stage of the cell cycle

A

interphase

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13
Q

resting phase (as no activity related to actual cell divison) aka

A

interphase

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14
Q

3 main stages of the interphase

A

1) G1 phase ( Pre-DNA synthesis phase/ post mitotic phase)
- –> G 0 phase - Quiescent Phase
2) S phase (DNA synthesis phase)
3) G2 phase- (post DNA synthesis phase/ pre mitotic phase)

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15
Q

The interval bw mitosis and initiation of DNA replication.

A

G1 phase

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16
Q

Cell is metabolically active but does not synthesize or replicate DNA in what phase/?

A

G1 phase

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17
Q

in G1 phase, the cell synthesizes?

A

nucleotides, ATP, proteins, amino acids, RNA etc

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18
Q

Most of the organelle duplication occurs in

A

G1 Phase

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19
Q

If a cell divides frequently then it has a SHORTER/ LONGER G1 phase?

A

Shorter G1 phase

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20
Q

if a cell does not divide frequently it has a ——— G1 phase?

A

Longer

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21
Q

The non-dividing cell enters the

A

G0 phase ( QUIESCENT Phase)

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22
Q

What happens in the G0 phase?

A

Cell remains metabolically active, but do not proliferate unless called to do so

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23
Q

Synthesis or DNA replication takes place in

A

S Phase

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24
Q

Cell doubles its DNA in (interphase)

A

S phase

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25
Q

The number of chromosomes after S phase…

A

Remain the same

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26
Q

Gap 2 phase is present bw

A

S and M Phase

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27
Q

Tubulin Protein synthesis takes place in what phase?

A

G2 Phase

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28
Q

Which organelles duplicate in the G2 phase?

A

Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Golgi Bodies

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29
Q

The DNA synthesis stops in the G2 phase? T or F

A

TRUE (but the cell synthesizes RNA, proteins etc.)

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30
Q

In animals, mitotic division is seen in

A

ONLY in diploid somatic cells

31
Q

In plants, mitotic division is seen in

A

both haploid & diploid cells

32
Q

the actual cell division occurs in

A

M Phase

33
Q

The most dramatic period of cell cycle

A

M Phase

34
Q

Distribution of the already duplicated components occurs in an orderly manner in — Phase/.

A

M Phase

35
Q

M Phase consists of -

A

Karyokinesis & Cytokinesis

36
Q

Karyokinesis?

A

where division of nucleus occurs during mitosis or meiosis

37
Q

Cytokinesis?

A

where division of cytoplasm occurs during mitosis or meiosis

38
Q

karyokinesis is divided into

A

prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

39
Q

Mitosis?

A

parent cell divides into two daughter cells, these cells are identical to each other as well as to parent cell

40
Q

in mitosis both the daughter cells have ——- number of chromosomes

A

same number of chromosomes as present in parent cell

41
Q

mitosis is called ——– division

A

equational

42
Q

mitosis was first observed by

A

Strasburger in plant cell & Walter Flemming in animal cell.

43
Q

the term mitosis was given by

A

Walter Flemming in 1882

44
Q

mitosis also called

A

somatic cell division;

45
Q

mitosis occurs in

A

somatic cells of animals
in the gonads for multiplication of undifferentiated germ cells
in plants: dividing meristematic tissue; and also in leaves, flowers and fruit during growth

46
Q

first stage of Karyokinesis

A

Prophase

47
Q

The chromosomes appear like a ball of wool called (____) in what phase?

A

Prophase, (Spireme Stage)

48
Q

Cells do not show which organelles in prophase

A

Golgi complex, ER, Nuclear Membrane, Nucleolus

49
Q

Events during Prophase

A

Condensation of Chromatin material
DNA untangles to form, compact mitotic chromosomes
Spireme stage
centrosome begin to move towards opposite poles of cell

50
Q

second stage of mitosis

A

metaphase

51
Q

what marks the beginning of metaphase?

A

the disintegration of the nuclear envelope

52
Q

chromosomes in metaphase are

A

thickest and shortest

53
Q

easiest to study chromosomal morphology in what phase

A

metaphase

54
Q

what is congression?

A

the phenomenon of bringing the chromosomes to the equator of spindle

55
Q

the surface of the centromere which holds the two sister chromatids of a chromosome is surrounded by a small disc shaped structure called

A

kinetochore

56
Q

the spindle fibres are made up of

A

microtubules

57
Q

site of attachment of microtubules

A

kinetochores present around centromere

58
Q

the microtubules of spindle fibres attach to the kinetochore during

A

metaphase

59
Q

in what phase do the chromatids move towards the poles

A

anaphase

60
Q

events in anaphase

A

ref. pg 67

61
Q

formation of interzonal fibres occurs in

A

anaphase

62
Q

best stage to study shape of chromosomes (V,L,J,I)

A

Anaphase

63
Q

end stage of karyokinesis

A

telophase

64
Q

the chromosomes (sister chromatids) reach their respective poles in

A

telophase

65
Q

disappearance and re-appearance of —– in telophase?

A

mitotic spindle disappears

nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, REAPPEAR

66
Q

phase that marks the end of cell division

A

cytokinesis

67
Q

in some organisms , Karyokinesis is not followed by cytokinesis, this leads to formation of

A

Syncytium, i.e. a single cell containing large number of nuclei.

68
Q

cytokinesis in animal cell by

A

formation of a furrow

69
Q

cytokinesis in plant cell by

A

formation of cell plate

70
Q

significance of mitosis?

A

1) Growth
2) Maintenance of cell size
3) Maintenance of chromosome number (genetic stability)
4) Repair
5) Reproduction
6) Healing & Regeneration

71
Q

number of mitotic divisions required for formation of number of cells is

A

n - 1

72
Q

number of generations (n) of mitosis for producing ‘x’ cells is

A

x = 2^n

73
Q

the term meiosis was coined by

A

Farmer and Moore (1905)

74
Q

in meiosis a single daughter cell forms -

A

4 daughter cells

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